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vacation - reply to mail automatically
vacation [-I]
vacation [-a alias] [-e filter_file] [-f database_file]
[-j] [-m message_file] [-s sender] [-tN] username
vacation [-f database_file] -l
The vacation utility automatically replies to incoming mail.
The installation consists of an interactive program which sets up vacation's basic configuration.
To install vacation, type it with no arguments on the command line. The program creates a .vacation.msg file, which contains the message that is automatically sent to all senders when vacation is enabled, and starts an editor for you to modify the message. (See USAGE section.) Which editor is invoked is determined by the VISUAL or EDITOR environment variable, or vi(1) if neither of those environment variables are set.
A .forward file is also created if one does not exist in your home directory. Once created, the .forward file will contain a line of the form:
One copy of an incoming message is sent to the username and another copy is piped into vacation:
\username, "|/usr/bin/vacation username"
If a .forward file is present in your home directory, it will ask whether you want to remove it, which disables vacation and ends the installation.
The program automatically creates .vacation.pag and .vacation.dir, which contain a list of senders when vacation is enabled.
The presence of the .forward file determines whether or not vacation is disabled or enabled. To disable vacation, remove the .forward file, or move it to a new name.
The -I option clears the vacation log files, .vacation.pag and .vacation.dir, erasing the list of senders from a previous vacation session. (See OPTIONS section.)
vacation provides configuration options that are not part of the installation, these being -a, -e, -f, -j, -m, -s, and -t. (See OPTIONS section.)
vacation provides a reporting option, -l. See OPTIONS.
The following options are supported:
-I
Options -a, -e, -f, -j, -m, -s, and -t are configuration options to be used in conjunction with vacation in the .forward file, not on the command line. For example,
\username, "|/usr/bin/vacation -t1m username"
repeats replies to the sender every minute.
-a alias
-e filter_file
-f database_file
-j
-m message_file
-s sender
-tN
The -l option is neither for initialization nor configuration., but for reporting. The -foption can also be used in conjunction with the -l.
-l
.vacation.msg should include a header with at least a Subject: line (it should not include a To: line). For example:
Subject: I am on vacation
I am on vacation until July 22. If you have something urgent,
please contact Joe Jones (jones@fB0).
--John
If the string $SUBJECT appears in the .vacation.msg file, it is replaced with the subject of the original message when the reply is sent. Thus, a .vacation.msg file such as
Subject: I am on vacation
I am on vacation until July 22.
Your mail regarding "$SUBJECT" will be read when I return.
If you have something urgent, please contact
Joe Jones (jones@fB0).
--John
will include the subject of the message in the reply.
No message is sent if the To: or the Cc: line does not list the user to whom the original message was sent or one of a number of aliases for them, if the initial From line includes the string -REQUEST@, or if a Precedence: bulk or Precedence: junk line is included in the header.
vacation will also not respond to mail from either postmaster or Mailer-Daemon.
In addition to the above criteria, if a .vacation.filter file exists, it is used to constrain further the set of addresses to which a reply is sent. Each line in that file should be either a domain name, an email address, a negated domain name or a negated email address. A negated line starts with the single character !.
Each line is compared in the order listed to the sender address. A line containing an email address matches if the sender address is exactly the same except for case, which is ignored. A line containing a domain name matches if the sender address is something@domain-name or something@something.domain-name. A reply is sent if the first match is an entry that is not negated. If the first match is a negated entry, or if no lines match, then no reply is sent.
A sample filter file might look like the following:
!host.subdomain.sun.com sun.com ![email protected] mydomain.com [email protected] [email protected]
Blank lines and lines starting with "#" are ignored.
~/.forward
~/.vacation.filter
~/.vacation.msg
A list of senders is kept in the dbm format files .vacation.pag and .vacation.dir in your home directory. These files are dbm files and cannot be viewed directly with text editors.
See attributes(5) for descriptions of the following attributes:
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vi(1), sendmail(1M), dbm(3UCB), getusershell(3C), aliases(4), shells(4), attributes(5)
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