- )E level text
-
Adds text (heading-text) to the table of contents
with level either 0
or between 1-7.
See also .H.
This macro is used for customized
table of contents.
- 1C [1]
-
Begin one column processing.
An 1 as argument disables the page-break.
Use wide footnotes, small footnotes may be overprinted.
- 2C
-
Begin two column processing.
Splits the page in two columns.
It is
a special case of MC.
See also 1C.
- AE
-
Abstract end, see AS.
- AF [name of firm]
-
Authors firm, should be called before AU, see also COVER.
- AL [type [text-indent [1]]]
-
Start autoincrement list.
Items are numbered beginning on one.
The type argument controls the type of numbers.
Arg
Description
1
Arabic (the default)
A
Upper-case letters (A-Z)
a
Lower-case letters (a-z)
I
Upper-case roman
i
Lower-case roman
Text-indent sets the indent and overrides Li.
A third argument will prohibit printing of a blank line before each
item.
- APP name text
-
Begin an appendix with name name.
Automatic naming occurs if
name is "".
The appendixes starts with A if auto is used.
An new page is ejected, and a header is also produced if the number
variable Aph is non-zero.
This is the default.
The appendix always appear in the 'List of contents' with correct
pagenumber.
The name APPENDIX can be changed by setting
the string App to the desired text.
The string Apptxt contains the current appendix text.
- APPSK name pages text
-
Same as .APP, but the pagenr is incremented with pages.
This is used when diagrams or other non-formatted documents are
included as appendixes.
- AS [arg [indent]]
-
Abstract start.
Indent is specified in 'ens', but scaling is allowed.
Argument arg controls where the abstract is printed.
Arg
Placement
0
Abstract will be printed on page 1 and on the cover sheet if
used in the released-paper style (MT 4), otherwise
it will be printed on page 1 without a cover sheet.
1
Abstract will only be printed on the cover sheet (MT 4 only).
2
Abstract will be printed only on the cover sheet (other than MT 4 only).
The cover sheet is printed without need for CS.
Abstract is not printed at all in external letters (MT 5).
The indent controls the indentation of both margins, otherwise
will normal text indent be used.
- AST [title]
-
Abstract title.
Default is ABSTRACT.
Sets the text above the abstract text.
- AT title1 [title2 ...]
-
Authors title.
AT must appear just after each AU.
The title will show up after the name in the signature block.
- AU [name [initials [loc [dept [ext [room [arg [arg [arg]]]]]]]]]
-
Author information, specifies the author of the memo or paper, and
will be printed on the cover sheet and on other similar places.
AU must not appear before TL.
The author information
can contain initials, location, department, telephone extension,
room number or name and up to three extra arguments.
- AV [name [1]]
-
Approval signature, generates an approval line with place for
signature and date.
The string APPROVED: can be changed
with variable Letapp, and the string Date in Letdate.
- AVL [name]
-
Letter signature, generates a line with place for signature.
- B [bold-text [prev-font-text [bold...]]]
-
Begin boldface.
No limit on the number of arguments.
All arguments will be concatenated to one word, the first, third and so
on will be printed in boldface.
- B1
-
Begin box (as the ms macro).
Draws a box around the text.
The text will be indented one character,
and the right margin will be one character shorter.
- B2
-
End box.
Finish the box started by B1.
- BE
-
End bottom block, see BS.
- BI [bold-text [italic-text [bold-text [...]]]]
-
Bold-italic.
No limit on the number of arguments, see B.
- BL [text-indent [1]]
-
Start bullet list, initialize a list with a bullet and a space
in the beginning of each list item (see LI).
Text-indent
overrides the default indentation of the list items set by
number register Pi.
A third argument will prohibit printing of a blank line before each
item.
- BR [bold-text [roman-text [bold-text [...]]]]
-
Bold-roman.
No limit on the number of arguments.
- BS
-
Bottom block start.
Begins the definition of a text block which is
printed at the bottom of each page.
Block ends with BE.
- BVL text-indent [mark-indent [1]]
-
Start of
broken variable-item list.
Broken variable-item list has no fixed mark, it assumes that
every LI has a mark instead.
The text will always begin at the next line after the mark.
Text-indent sets the indent to the text, and mark-indent
the distance from the current indent to the mark.
A third argument will prohibit printing of a blank line before each
item.
- COVER [arg]
-
COVER begins a coversheet definition.
It is important
that .COVER appears before any normal text.
.COVER uses arg to build the filename
/usr/share/tmac/mm/arg.cov.
Therefore it is possible to create unlimited
types of coversheets.
ms.cov is supposed to look like the ms coversheet.
.COVER requires a .COVEND at the end of the coverdefinition.
Always use this order of the covermacros:
.COVER
.TL
.AF
.AU
.AT
.AS
.AE
.COVEND
However, only .TL and .AU are required.
- COVEND
-
This finish the cover description and prints the cover-page.
It is defined in the cover file.
- DE
-
Display end.
Ends a block of text, display, that begins
with DS or DF.
- DF [format [fill [rindent]]]
-
Begin floating display (no nesting allowed).
A floating display is saved in a queue and is printed in the
order entered.
Format, fill and rindent is the same
as in DS.
Floating displays are controlled by the two number registers De
and Df.
De register
0
Nothing special, this is the default.
1
A page eject will occur after each printed display, giving only
one display per page and no text following it.
Df register
0
Displays are printed at the end of each section (when section-page
numbering is active) or at the end of the document.
1
A new display will be printed on the current page if there is enough
space, otherwise it will be printed at the end of the document.
2
One display will be printed at the top of each page or column
(in multi-column mode).
3
Print one display if there is enough space for it, otherwise it will
be printed at the top of the next page or column.
4
Print as many displays that will fit in a new page or column.
A page break will occur between each display if De is not zero.
5
Fill the current page with displays and the rest beginning at a new page
or column.
(This is the default.)
A page break will occur between each display
if De is not zero.
- DL [text-indent [1 [1]]]
-
Dash list start.
Begins a list where each item is printed
after a dash.
Text-indent changes the default indentation
of the list items set by
number register Pi.
A second argument prevents the empty line between each list item
to be printed.
See LI.
A third argument will prohibit printing of a blank line before each
item.
- DS [format [fill [rindent]]]
-
Static display start.
Begins collection of text until DE.
The text is printed together on the same page, unless it is longer
than the height of the page.
DS can be nested to a unlimited depth (reasonably :-).
format
No indentation.
none
No indentation.
L
No indentation.
I
Indent text with the value of number register Si.
C
Center each line
CB
Center the whole display as a block.
R
Right adjust the lines.
RB
Right adjust the whole display as a block
L, I, C and CB can also be specified as 0, 1, 2 or 3 for compatibility
reasons.
(Don't use it. :-)
fill
Line-filling turned off.
none
Line-filling turned off.
N
Line-filling turned off.
F
Line-filling turned on.
N and F can also be specified as 0 or 1.
An empty line will normally be printed before and after the
display.
Setting number register Ds to 0 will prevent this.
Rindent shortens the line length by that amount.
- EC [title [override [flag [refname]]]]
-
Equation title.
Sets a title for an equation.
The override argument
change the numbering.
flag
none
override is a prefix to the number.
0
override is a prefix to the number.
1
override is a suffix to the number.
2
override replaces the number.
EC uses the number register Ec as counter.
It is possible to use .af to change the format of the number.
If number register Of is 1, then the format of title
will use a dash instead of a dot after the number.
The string Le controls the title of the
List of Equations, default is LIST OF EQUATIONS.
The List of Equations will only be printed if number register Le
is 1, default 0.
The string Liec contains the word Equation, wich
is printed before the number.
If refname is used, then the equation number is saved with
.SETR, and can be retrieved with .GETST refname.
Special handling of the title will occur if
EC is used inside DS/DE, it will not be
affected by the format of DS.
- EF [arg]
-
Even-page footer, printed just above the normal page footer
on even pages, see PF.
- EH [arg]
-
Even-page header, printed just below the normal page header
on even pages, see PH.
- EN
-
Equation end, see EQ.
- EOP
-
End of page user-defined macro.
This macro will be called
instead of the normal printing of the footer.
The macro
will be executed in a separate environment, without any
trap active.
See TP.
Strings available to EOP
EOPf
Argument from PF.
EOPef
Argument from EF.
EOPof
Argument from OF.
- EPIC [-L] width height [name]
-
EPIC draws a box with the given width and height, it will
also print the text name or a default string if
name is not specified..
This is used to include external pictures, just give the size
of the picture.
-L will leftadjust the picture, the default is to center adjust.
See PIC
- EQ [label]
-
Equation start.
EQ/EN are the delimiters for equations written for eqn.
EQ/EN must be inside a DS/DE-pair, except
when EQ is only used to set options in eqn.
The label will appear at the right margin of the equation, unless
number register Eq is 1.
Then the label will appear at the
left margin.
- EX [title [override [flag [refname]]]]
-
Exhibit title, arguments are the same as for EC.
EX uses the number register Ex as counter.
The string Lx controls the title of the
List of Exhibits, default is LIST OF EXHIBITS.
The List of Exhibits will only be printed if number register Lx
is 1, default 1.
The string Liex contains the word Exhibit, which
is printed before the number.
If refname is used, then the exhibit number is saved with
.SETR, and can be retrieved with .GETST refname.
Special handling of the title will occur if
EX is used inside DS/DE, it will not be
affected by the format of DS.
- FC [closing]
-
Prints Yours very truly, as a formal closing of a letter or
memorandum.
The argument replaces the defualt string.
The default is stored in string variable Letfc.
- FD [arg [1]]
-
Footnote default format.
Controls the hyphenation (hyphen), right margin justification (adjust),
indentation of footnote text (indent).
It can also change the label
justification (ljust).
arg hyphen adjust indent ljust
0 no yes yes left
1 yes yes yes left
2 no no yes left
3 yes no yes left
4 no yes no left
5 yes yes no left
6 no no no left
7 yes no no left
8 no yes yes right
9 yes yes yes right
10 no no yes right
11 yes no yes right
Argument greater than or equal to 11 is considered as arg 0.
Default for mm is 10.
- FE
-
Footnote end.
- FG [title [override [flag [refname]]]]
-
Figure title, arguments are the same as for EC.
FG uses the number register Fg as counter.
The string Lf controls the title of the
List of Figures, default is LIST OF FIGURES.
The List of Figures will only be printed if number register Lf
is 1, default 1.
The string Lifg contains the word Figure, wich
is printed before the number.
If refname is used, then the figure number is saved with
.SETR, and can be retrieved with .GETST refname.
Special handling of the title will occur if
FG is used inside DS/DE, it will not be
affected by the format of DS.
- FS [label]
-
Footnote start.
The footnote is ended by FE.
Footnotes is normally automatically
numbered, the number is available in string F.
Just add \*F in the text.
By adding label, it is possible
to have other number or names on the footnotes.
Footnotes in displays is now possible.
An empty line separates footnotes, the height of the line
is controlled by number register Fs, default value is 1.
- GETHN refname [varname]
-
Includes the headernumber where the corresponding SETR refname
was placed.
Will be X.X.X. in pass 1.
See INITR.
If varname is used, GETHN sets the stringvariable varname to the
headernumber.
- GETPN refname [varname]
-
Includes the pagenumber where the corresponding SETR refname
was placed.
Will be 9999 in pass 1.
See INITR.
If varname is used, GETPN sets the stringvariable varname
to the pagenumber.
- GETR refname
-
Combines GETHN and GETPN with the text 'chapter' and ', page'.
The string Qrf contains the text for reference:
.ds Qrf See chapter \\*[Qrfh], page \\*[Qrfp].
Qrf may be changed to support other languages.
Strings Qrfh and Qrfp are set by GETR
and contains the page and headernumber.
- GETST refname [varname]
-
Includes the string saved with the second argument to .SETR.
Will be dummystring in pass 1.
If varname is used, GETST sets the stringvariable varname to the
saved string.
See INITR.
- H level [heading-text [heading-suffix]]
-
Numbered section heading.
Section headers can have a level between 1 and 14, level 1 is the
top level.
The text is given in heading-text, and must be
surrounded by double quotes if it contains spaces.
Heading-suffix is added to the header in the text but not in
the table of contents.
This is normally used for footnote marks
and similar things.
Don't use \*F in heading-suffix, it won't
work.
A manual label must be used, see FS.
An eventual paragraph, P, directly after H will be
ignored, H is taking care of spacing and indentation.
Page ejection before heading
Number register Ej controls page ejection before the heading.
Normally, a level one heading gets two blank lines before it, higher levels
gets only one.
A new page is ejected before each
first-level heading if number register Ej is 1.
All levels below or equal the value of Ej gets a new page.
Default value for Ej is 0.
Heading break level
A line break occurs after the heading if the heading level is less
or equal to number register Hb.
Default value 2.
Heading space level
A blank line is inserted after the heading if the heading level is less
or equal to number register Hs.
Default value 2.
Text will follow the heading on the same line if the level is greater
than both Hb and Hs.
Post-heading indent
Indentation of the text after the heading is controlled by number
register Hi, default value 0.
Hi
0
The text will be left-justified.
1
Indentation of the text will follow the value of number register Pt,
see P.
2
The text will be lined up with the first word of the heading.
Centered section headings
All headings whose level is equal or below number register Hc
and also less than or equal to Hb or Hs
is centerered.
Font control of the heading
The font of each heading level is controlled by string HF.
It contains a fontnumber or fontname for each level.
Default
is 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 (all headings in italic).
Could also be written as I I I I I I I I I I I I I I.
Note that some other implementations use 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 as the
default value.
All omitted values are presumed to be a 1.
Point size control.
String HP controls the pointsize of each heading, in the
same way as HF controls the font.
A value of 0 selects the default point size.
Default value is 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.
Beware that only the
point size changes, not the vertical size.
That can be controlled by the user specified macro HX and/or
HZ.
Heading counters
Fourteen number registers, named H1 thru H14 contains
the counter for each heading level.
The values are printed using arabic numerals, this can be changed
with the macro HM (see below).
All marks are concatenated before printing.
To avoid this, set
number register Ht to 1.
That will only print the current
heading counter at each heading.
Automatic table of contents
All headings whose level is equal or below number register Cl
is saved to be printed in the table of contents.
Default value is 2.
Special control of the heading, user-defined macros.
These macros can be defined by the user to get a finer control
of vertical spacing, fonts or other features.
Argument level is the level-argument to H, but
0 for unnumbered headings (see HU).
Argument rlevel is the real level, it is
set to number register Hu for unnumbered headings.
Argument heading-text is the text argument to H and HU.
HX level rlevel heading-text
HX is called just before the printing of the heading.
The following register is available for HX.
HX may alter }0, }2 and ;3.
string }0
Contains the heading mark plus two spaces if rlevel is non-zero,
otherwise empty.
register ;0
Contains the position of the text after the heading.
0 means that the text should follow the heading on the same line, 1
means that a line break should occur before the text and
2 means that a blank line should separate the heading and the text.
string }2
Contains two spaces if register ;0 is 0.
It is used to
separate the heading from the text.
The string
is empty if ;0 is non-zero.
register ;3
Contains the needed space in units after the heading.
Default is 2v.
Can be used to change things like numbering (}0),
vertical spacing (}2)
and the needed space after the heading.
HY dlevel rlevel heading-text
HY is called after size and font calculations and
might be used to change indentation.
HZ dlevel rlevel heading-text
HZ is called after the printing of the heading, just before
H or HU exits.
Could be used to change the page header according to the section heading.
- HC [hyphenation-character]
-
Set hyphenation character.
Default value is \%.
Resets to the default if called without argument.
Hyphenation can be turned off by setting number
register Hy to 0 in the beginning of the file.
- HM [arg1 [arg2 [... [arg14]]]]
-
Heading mark style.
Controls the type of marking for printing of the heading counters.
Default is 1 for all levels.
Argument
1
Arabic numerals.
0001
Arabic numerals with leading zeroes, one or more.
A
Upper-case alphabetic
a
Lower-case alphabetic
I
Upper-case roman numerals
i
lower-case roman numerals
empty
Arabic numerals.
- HU heading-text
-
Unnumbered section header.
HU behavies like H at the level in number register Hu.
See H.
- HX dlevel rlevel heading-text
-
Userdefined heading exit.
Called just before printing the header.
See H.
- HY dlevel rlevel heading-text
-
Userdefined heading exit.
Called just before printing the header.
See H.
- HZ dlevel rlevel heading-text
-
Userdefined heading exit.
Called just after printing the header.
See H.
- I [italic-text [prev-font-text [italic-text [...]]]]
-
Italic.
Changes the font to italic if called without arguments.
With one argument it will set the word in italic.
With two argument it will concatenate them and set the first
word in italic and the second in the previous font.
There is no limit on the number of argument, all will be concatenated.
- IA [addressee-name [title]]
-
Begins specification of the addressee and addressee's address in
letter style.
Several names can be specified with empty IA/IE-pairs, but
only one address.
See LT.
- IB [italic-text [bold-text [italic-text [...]]]]
-
Italic-bold.
Even arguments is printed in italic, odd in boldface.
See I.
- IE
-
Ends the address-specification after IA.
- INITI type filename [macro]
-
Initialize the new index system, sets the filename to collect
index lines in with IND.
Argument type selects
the type of index, page number, header marks or both.
The default is N.
It is also possible to create a macro that is responsible
for formatting each row.
Add the name of the macro as argument 3.
The macro will be called with the index as argument(s).
type
N
Page numbers
H
Header marks
B
Both page numbers and header marks, tab separated
- INITR filename
-
Initialize the refencemacros.
References will be written to stderr and is supposed to
be written to filename.qrf.
Requires two passes with groff, this is handled by a
separate program called mmroff, the reason is that
groff is often installed without the unsafe operations that
INITR requiered.
The first pass looks for references and the second one includes them.
INITR can be used several times, but it is only the first
occurrence of INITR that is active.
See also SETR, GETPN and GETHN.
- IND arg1 [arg2 [...]]
-
IND writes a line in the index file selected by INITI
with all arguments and the page number or header mark separated by tabs.
Examples
arg1\tpage number
arg1\targ2\tpage number
arg1\theader mark
arg1\tpage number\theader mark
- INDP
-
INDP prints the index by running the command specified
by string variable Indcmd, normally sort -t\t.
INDP reads the output from the command to form
the index, normally in two columns (can be changed by defining TYIND).
The index is printed with string variable Index as header,
default is INDEX.
One-column processing is
returned after the list.
INDP will call the
user-defined macros TXIND, TYIND and TZIND if defined.
TXIND is called before printing INDEX, TYIND
is called instead of printing INDEX.
TZIND is called
after the printing and should take care of restoring to normal
operation again.
- ISODATE [0]
-
ISODATE changes the predefined date string in DT to
ISO-format, ie YYYY-MM-DD.
This can also be done by
adding -rIso=1 on the command line.
Reverts to old date format if argument is 0.
- IR [italic-text [roman-text [italic-text [...]]]]
-
Italic-roman.
Even arguments is printed in italic, odd in roman.
See I.
- LB text-indent mark-indent pad type [mark [LI-space [LB-space]]]
-
List begin macro.
This is the common macro used for all lists.
Text-indent is the number of spaces to indent the text from the
current indent.
Pad and mark-indent controls where to put the mark.
The mark is placed within the mark area, and mark-indent
sets the number of spaces before this area.
It is normally 0.
The mark area ends where the text begins.
The start of the text
is still controlled by text-indent.
The mark is left justified whitin the mark area if pad is 0.
If pad is greater than 0, then mark-indent is ignored, and
the mark is placed pad spaces before the text.
This will right justify the mark.
If type is 0 the list will have either a hanging indent or, if
argument mark is given, the string mark as mark.
If type is greater than 0 automatic numbering will occur, arabic
if mark is empty.
Mark can then be any of 1, A,
a, I or i.
Type selects one of six possible ways to display the mark.
type
1
x.
2
x)
3
(x)
4
[x]
5
<x>
6
{x}
Every item in the list will get LI-space number of blank lines
before them.
Default is 1.
LB itself will print LB-space blank lines.
Default is 0.
- LC [list-level]
-
List-status clear.
Terminates all current active lists down to list-level, or 0
if no argmuent is given.
This is used by H to clear any
active list.
- LE [1]
-
List end.
Terminate the current list.
LE outputs a blank line
if an argument is given.
- LI [mark [1]]
-
List item precedes every item in a list.
Without argument LI
will print the mark determined by the current list type.
By giving
LI one argument, it will use that as the mark instead.
Two arguments to LI will make mark a prefix to
the current mark.
There will be no separating space between the prefix
and the mark if the second argument is 2 instead of 1.
This behaviour can also be achieved by setting number register
Limsp to zero.
A zero length mark will make a hanging
indent instead.
A blank line is normally printed before the list item.
This behaviour
can be controlled by number register Ls.
Pre-spacing
will occur for each list-level less than or equal to Ls.
Default value is 99.
(Nesting of lists is unlimited. :-)
The indentation can be changed thru number register Li.
Default is 6.
All lists begins with a list initialization macro, LB.
There are, however, seven predefined listtypes to
make lists easier to use.
They all call LB with different
default values.
AL
Automatically Incremented List
ML
Marked List
VL
Variable-Item List
BL
Bullet List
DL
Dash List
RL
Reference List
BVL
Broken Varable List.
These lists are described at other places in this manual.
See also LB.
- LT [arg]
-
Formats a letter in one of four different styles depending
on the argument.
See also INTERNALS.
Arg
Style
BL
Blocked.
Date line, return address, writer's address and closing
begins at the center of the line.
All other lines begin at the left margin.
SB
Semi-blocked.
Same as blocked, except that the first line in every
paragraph is indented five spaces.
FB
Full-blocked.
All lines begin at the left margin.
SP
Simplified.
Almost the same as the full-blocked style.
Subject and
the writer's identification are printed in all-capital.
- LO type [arg]
-
Specify options in letter (see .LT).
This is a list of the standard options:
CN
Confidential notation.
Prints CONFIDENTIAL on the second line
below the date line.
Any argument replaces CONFIDENTIAL.
See also string variable LetCN.
RN
Reference notation.
Prints In reference to: and the argument
two lines below the date line.
See also string variable LetRN.
AT
Attention.
Prints ATTENTION: and the argument below the inside address.
See also string variable LetAT.
SA
Salutation.
Prints To Whom It May Concern: or the argument if
it was present.
The salutation is printed two lines below the inside address.
See also string variable LetSA.
SJ
Subject line.
Prints the argument as subject prefixed with SUBJECT:
two lines below the inside address, except in letter type SP.
Then the subject is printed in all-captial without any prefix.
See also string variable LetSJ.
- MC column-size [column-separation]
-
Begin multiple columns.
Return to normal with 1C.
MC will create as many columns as the current line length permits.
Column-size is the width of each column, and column-separation
is the space between two columns.
Default separation is the
column-size/15.
See also 1C.
- ML mark [text-indent [1]]
-
Marked list start.
The mark argument will be printed before
each list item.
Text-indent sets the indent and overrides Li.
A third argument will prohibit printing of a blank line before each
item.
- MT [arg [addressee]]
-
Memorandum type.
The arg is part of a filename in /usr/share/tmac/mm/*.MT.
Memorandum type 0 thru 5 are supported, including "string".
Addressee just sets a variable, used in the AT&T macros.
arg
0
Normal memorandum, no type printed
1
Memorandum with MEMORANDUM FOR FILE printed
2
Memorandum with PROGRAMMER'S NOTES printed
3
Memorandum with ENGINEER'S NOTES printed
4
Released paper style
5
External letter style
See also COVER/COVEND, a more flexible type of front page.
- MOVE y-pos [x-pos [line-length]]
-
Move to a position, pageoffset set to x-pos.
If line-length is not given, the difference between
current and new pageoffset is used.
Use PGFORM without arguments to return to normal.
- MULB cw1 space1 [cw2 space2 [cw3 ...]]
-
Begin a special multi-column mode.
Every columns width must be specified.
Also the space between the columns must be specified.
The last column
does not need any space-definition.
MULB starts a diversion and MULE
ends the diversion and prints the columns.
The unit for width and space is 'n', but MULB accepts all
normal unitspecifications like 'c' and 'i'.
MULB operates in a separate environment.
- MULN
-
Begin the next column.
This is the only way to switch column.
- MULE
-
End the multi-column mode and print the columns.
- nP [type]
-
Print numbered paragraph with header level two.
See .P.
- NCOL
-
Force printing to the next column, don't use this together with
the MUL* macros, see 2C.
- NS [arg [1]]
-
Prints different types of notations.
The argument selects between
the predefined type of notations.
If the second argument is available,
then the argument becomes the entire notation.
If the argument doesn't exist in the predefined, it will be
printed as Copy (arg) to.
It is possible to add more standard notations, see the string variable
Letns and Letnsdef.
Arg
Notation
none
Copy To
Copy To
1
Copy To (with att.) to
2
Copy To (without att.) to
3
Att.
4
Atts.
5
Enc.
6
Encs.
7
Under separate cover
8
Letter to
9
Memorandum to
10
Copy (with atts.) to
11
Copy (without atts.) to
12
Abstract Only to
13
Complete Memorandum to
14
CC
- ND new-date
-
New date.
Override the current date.
Date is not
printed if new-date is an empty string.
- OF [arg]
-
Odd-page footer, a line printed just above the normal footer.
See EF and PF.
- OH [arg]
-
Odd-page header, a line printed just below the normal header.
See EH and PH.
- OP
-
Make sure that the following text is printed at the top
of an odd-numbered page.
Will not output an empty page
if currently at the top of an odd page.
- P [type]
-
Begin new paragraph.
P without argument will produce left justified text, even
the first line of the paragraph.
This is the same as setting
type to 0.
If the argument is 1, then the first line
of text following P will be indented by the number of
spaces in number register Pi, normally 5.
Instead of giving 1 as argument to P it is possible to set the
paragraph type in number register Pt.
Using 0 and 1
will be the same as adding that value to P.
A value of 2 will indent all paragraphs, except after
headings, lists and displays.
The space between two paragraphs is controlled by number register Ps,
and is 1 by default (one blank line).
- PGFORM [linelength [pagelength [pageoffset [1]]]]
-
Sets linelength, pagelength and/or pageoffset.
This macro can be used for special formatting, like letterheads
and other.
It is normally the first command in a file, though it's not necessary.
PGFORM can be used without arguments
to reset everything after a MOVE.
A line-break is done unless the fourth argument is given.
This can be used to avoid the pagenumber on the first page while setting
new width and length.
(It seems as if this macro sometimes doesn't work too well.
Use the command line arguments
to change linelength, pagelength and pageoffset instead.
Sorry.)
- PGNH
-
No header is printed on the next page.
Used to get rid of
the header in letters or other special texts.
This macro must be used before any text to inhibit the pageheader
on the first page.
- PIC [-L] [-C] [-R] [-I n] filename [width [height]]
-
PIC includes a Postscript file in the document.
The macro depends on mmroff and INITR.
-L, -C, -R and -I n adjusts the picture
or indents it.
The optionally width and height
can also be given to resize the picture.
- PE
-
Picture end.
Ends a picture for pic, see the manual for pic.
- PF [arg]
-
Page footer.
PF sets the line to be printed at the bottom of each page.
Normally empty.
See PH for the argument specification.
- PH [arg]
-
Page header, a line printed at the top of each page.
The argument should be specified as "'left-part'center-part'right-part'",
where left-, center- and right-part is printed left-justified, centered
and right justified.
The character % is changed to the current
page number.
The default page-header is "''- % -''", the page
number between two dashes.
- PS
-
Picture start (from pic).
Begins a picture for pic, see
the manual.
- PX
-
Page-header user-defined exit.
PX is called just after the printing of the page header
in no-space mode.
- R
-
Roman.
Return to roman font, see also I.
- RB [roman-text [bold-text [roman-text [...]]]]
-
Roman-bold.
Even arguments is printed in roman, odd in boldface.
See I.
- RD [prompt [diversion [string]]]
-
Read from standard input to diversion and/or string.
The text will be saved in a diversion named diversion.
Recall the text by writing the name of the diversion after a dot
on an empty line.
A string will also be defined if
string is given.
Diversion and/or prompt can
be empty ("").
- RF
-
Reference end.
Ends a reference definition and returns to normal
processing.
See RS.
- RI [roman-text [italic-text [roman-text [...]]]]
-
Even arguments are printed in roman, odd in italic.
See I.
- RL [text-indent [1]]
-
Reference list start.
Begins a list where each item is preceded with a automatically
incremented number between
square brackets.
Text-indent changes the default indentation.
- RP [arg1 [arg2]]
-
Produce reference page.
RP can be used if a reference page is wanted somewhere in the
document.
It is not needed if TC is used to produce
a table of content.
The reference page will then be printed automatically.
The reference counter will not be reset if arg1 is 1.
Arg2 tells RP whether to eject a page or not.
Arg2
0
The reference page will be printed on a separate page.
This is
the default.
1
Do not eject page after the list.
2
Do not eject page before the list.
3
Do not eject page before and after the list.
The reference items will be separated by a blank line.
Setting number register Ls to 0 will suppress the line.
The string Rp contains the reference page title and
is normally set to REFERENCES.
- RS [string-name]
-
RS begins an automatically numbered reference definition.
Put the string \*(Rf where the reference mark
should be and write the reference between RS/RF
at next new line after the reference mark.
The reference number
is stored in number register :R.
If string-name is given, a string with that name
will be defined and contain the current reference mark.
The string can be referenced as \*[string-name] later in
the text.
- S [size [spacing]]
-
Set point size and vertical spacing.
If any argument is equal 'P', then
the previous value is used.
A 'C' means current value, and 'D' default value.
If '+' or '-' is used before the value, then increment or decrement of
the current value will be done.
- SA [arg]
-
Set right-margin justification.
Justification is normally turned on.
No argumenent or 0 turns off justification, a 1 turns on
justification.
- SETR refname [string]
-
Remember the current header and page-number as refname.
Saves string if string is defined.
string is retrieved
with .GETST.
See INITR.
- SG [arg [1]]
-
Signature line.
Prints the authors name(s) after the formal closing.
The argument will be appended to the reference data, printed
at either the first or last author.
The reference data is the location,
department and initials specified with .AU.
It will be printed at the first author if the second argument is given,
otherwise at the last.
No reference data will be printed if the author(s) is specifed
thru .WA/.WE.
See INTERNALS.
- SK [pages]
-
Skip pages.
If pages is 0 or omitted, a skip to the next page
will occur unless it is already at the top of a page.
Otherwise it will skip pages pages.
- SM string1 [string2 [string3]]
-
Make a string smaller.
If string2 is given, string1 will be smaller and string2
normal, concatenated with string1.
With three argument, all is
concatenated, but only string2 is made smaller.
- SP [lines]
-
Space vertically.
lines can have any scalingfactor, like 3i or
8v.
Several SP in a line will only produce the
maximum number of lines, not the sum.
SP will also be ignored
until the first textline in a page.
Add a \& before SP
to avoid this.
- TAB
-
reset tabs to every 5n.
Normally used to reset any previous tabpositions.
- TB [title [override [flag [refname]]]]
-
Table title, arguments are the same as for EC.
TB uses the number register Tb as counter.
The string Lt controls the title of the
List of Tables, default is LIST OF TABLES.
The List of Tables will only be printed if number register Lt
is 1, default 1.
The string Litb contains the word TABLE, wich
is printed before the number.
Special handling of the title will occur if
TB is used inside DS/DE, it will not be
affected by the format of DS.
- TC [slevel [spacing [tlevel [tab [h1 [h2 [h3 [h4 [h5]]]]]]]]]
-
Table of contents.
This macro is normally used at the last line of the document.
It generates a table of contents with headings up to the level
controlled by number register Cl.
Note that Cl controls
the saving of headings, it has nothing to do with TC.
Headings with level less than or equal to slevel will get
spacing number of lines before them.
Headings with level less than or equal to tlevel will have
their page numbers right justified with dots or spaces separating
the text and the page number.
Spaces is used if tab
is greater than zero, otherwise dots.
Other headings will have the
page number directly at the end of the heading text (ragged right).
The rest of the arguments will be printed, centered, before the
table of contents.
The user-defined macros TX and TY are used if TC is called
with at most four arguments.
TX is called before the printing
of CONTENTS, and TY is called instead of printing CONTENTS.
Equivalent macros can be defined for list of figures, tables, equations
and excibits by defining TXxx or TYxx, where xx
is Fg, TB, EC or EX.
String Ci can be set to control the indentations for each heading-level.
It must be scaled, like .ds Ci .25i .5i .75i 1i 1i.
The indentation is normally controlled by the maxlength of headings
in each level.
All texts can be redefined, new stringvariables
Lifg, Litb, Liex, Liec and Licon contain
"Figure", "TABLE", "Exhibit", "Equation" and "CONTENTS".
These can be redefined to other languages.
- TE
-
Table end.
See TS.
- TH [N]
-
Table header.
See TS.
TH ends the header of the table.
This header will
be printed again if a page-break occurs.
Argument N isn't implemented yet.
- TL [charging-case number(s) [filing-case number(s)]]
-
Begin title of memorandum.
All text up to the next AU is included in the title.
Charging-case number and filing-case are saved
for use in the front page processing.
- TM [num1 [num2 [...]]]
-
Technical memorandumnumbers used in .MT.
Unlimited number
of arguments may be given.
- TP
-
Top of page user-defined macro.
This macro is called instead of the normal page header.
It is
possible to get complete control over the header.
Note that header and footer is printed in a separate environment.
Linelength is preserved though.
- TS [H]
-
Table start.
This is the start of a table specification
to tbl.
See separate manual for tbl.
TS ends with TE.
Argument H tells mm that the table
has a header.
See TH.
- TX
-
Userdefined table of contents exit.
This macro is called just before TC prints the word CONTENTS.
See TC.
- TY
-
Userdefined table of contents exit (no "CONTENTS").
This macro is called instead of printing CONTENTS.
See TC.
- VERBON [flag [pointsize [font]]]
-
Begin verbatim output using courier font.
Usually for printing programs.
All character has equal width.
The pointsize can be changed with
the second argument.
By specifying the font-argument
it is possible to use another font instead of courier.
flag controls several special features.
It contains the sum of all wanted features.
Value
Description
1
Disable the escape-character (\).
This is normally turned on during
verbose output.
2
Add an empty line before the verbose text.
4
Add an empty line after the verbose text.
8
Print the verbose text with numbered lines.
This adds four digitsized
spaces in the beginning of each line.
Finer control is available with
the string-variable Verbnm.
It contains all arguments to the
troff-command .nm, normally '1'.
16
Indent the verbose text with five 'n':s.
This is controlled by the
number-variable Verbin (in units).
- VERBOFF
-
End verbatim output.
- VL text-indent [mark-indent [1]]
-
Variable-item list has no fixed mark, it assumes that
every LI have a mark instead.
Text-indent sets the indent to the text, and mark-indent
the distance from the current indent to the mark.
A third argument will prohibit printing of a blank line before each
item.
- VM [-T] [top [bottom]]
-
Vertical margin. Adds extra vertical top and margin space.
Option -T set the total space instead.
No argument resets the margin to zero or the default
(7v 5v) if -T
was used. It is higly recommended that macro TP and/or
EOP are defined
if using -T and setting top and/or bottom margin to less than the default.
- WA [writer-name [title]]
-
Begins specification of the writer and writer's address.
Several names can be specified with empty WA/WE-pairs, but
only one address.
- WE
-
Ends the address-specification after .WA.
- WC [format]
-
Footnote and display width control.
N
Set default mode, -WF, -FF, -WD and FB.
WF
Wide footnotes, wide also in two-column mode.
-WF
Normal footnote width, follow column mode.
FF
All footnotes gets the same width as the first footnote encountered.
-FF
Normal footnotes, width follows WF and -WF.
WD
Wide displays, wide also in two-column mode.
-WD
Normal display width, follow column mode.
FB
Floating displays generates a line break when printed on the current page.
-FB
Floating displays does not generate line break.
