Ключевые слова:boot, pxe, freebsd, install, xterm, (найти похожие документы)
From: bsdhound.com
Newsgroups:
Date: Mon, 9 Dec 2003 14:31:37 +0000 (UTC)
Subject: Примеры install.cfg для автономной установки FreeBSDhttp://bsdhound.com//newsread.php?newsid=122
Creating a FreeBSD unattended Install
Creating a unattended install is rather
straightforward and easy. Essentially all you have to do is create a
install.cfg and slap it on a floppy disk. Once you load up the
sysinstaller you can goto options and load the script from the floppy.
Below is a sample install.cfg script and some links to help get you on
your way.
It's rather nice having a install without a user needed to watch over
it hoping you click the right dialog box in time.. So read up and
share your install scripts if you try this out.
For more options and their meanings please read the sysinstall man
page.
# -------------------------------------------------------
# FreeBSD Unattended Install Sample install.cfg
# Provided by http://bsdhound.com
# -------------------------------------------------------
# Turn on extra debugging.
debug=YES
# Initialize all variables to their defaults, overriding any previous settings.
installVarDefaults
nonInteractive=NO
tryDHCP=NO
noWarn=NO
# router solicitation, turns off IPv6
tryRTSOL=NO
# -------------------------------------------------------
# Networking Information
# -------------------------------------------------------
hostname=devilinside
domainname=mydomain.com
# DHCP Server Should take care of below
#nameserver=10.0.0.1
#defaultrouter=10.0.0.1
#ipaddr=DHCP
#netmask=255.255.255.0
# -------------------------------------------------------
# Which installation method to use
# -------------------------------------------------------
# FTP
_ftpPath=ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/
netDev=xl0
mediaSetFTP
# NFS
#mediaSetNFS
#nfs=MyNfsServer:/export/ari_scratch2/gallatin/freebsd-dist
# -------------------------------------------------------
# Select which distributions we want.
# -------------------------------------------------------
dists= bin doc games manpages catpages proflibs dict info des
compat1x compat20 compat21 X331bin X331cfg X331doc X331html
X331lib X331lkit X331man X331prog X331ps X331set X331VG16
X331nest X331vfb X331fnts X331f100 X331fcyr X331fscl X331fnon sinclude
#THE INFORMATION ABOVE HERE SHOULD BE ON 1 LINE.
distSetCustom
# -------------------------------------------------------
# Set the parameters for the partition editor
# -------------------------------------------------------
# ad = IDE, da = SCSI
disk=ad0
# Enable this for interactive fdisk
# If you plan on using this on various other machies
# it might be wise to enable the interactive fdisk and
# disklabel
#diskInteractive
# Change this to "all" if this is a server, we don't want any
multi-booting rubbish on our servers
partition=existing
bootManager=boot
diskPartitionEditor
# -------------------------------------------------------
# - All sizes are expressed in 512 byte blocks!
# - "Size in MB" = sectors * 512 / 1024 / 1024
# - "Number of blocks" = xsize in mb * 1024 * 1024 / 512
# The non-zero value after the mountpoint means enable soft updates
# -------------------------------------------------------
# 128MB UFS ad0s2a
ad0s2-1=ufs 262144 /
# 496MB SWAP ad0s2b
ad0s2-2=swap 1015808 none
# 256MB UFS ad0s2e
ad0s2-3=ufs 524288 /var
# 256MB UFS ad0s2f
ad0s2-4=ufs 524288 /tmp
# Rest of FreeBSD partition ad0s2g
ad0s2-5=ufs 0 /usr
#ad0s1=/ntfs N
diskLabelEditor
# OK, everything is set. Do it!
installCommit
# -------------------------------------------------------
# Install some packages at the end.
# -------------------------------------------------------
package=BitchX-1.0c19_3
packageAdd
package=bash-2.05b.007
packageAdd
package=cvsup-without-gui-16.1h
packageAdd
package=logcheck-1.1.1_4
packageAdd
package=lsof-4.69.1
packageAdd
package=lynx-ssl-2.8.4.1d
packageAdd
package=mutt-1.4.1_4
packageAdd
package=ncftp-3.1.5_2
packageAdd
package=nmap-3.48_1
packageAdd
package=pf_freebsd-2.00_1
packageAdd
package=portupgrade-20030723
packageAdd
package=rdate-1.0
packageAdd
package=sudo-1.6.7.5
packageAdd
package=screen-4.0.1_2
packageAdd
package=vim-6.2.154
packageAdd
package=wget-1.8.2_5
packageAdd
package=whowatch-1.4
# -------------------------------------------------------
# this last package is special. It is used to configure the machine.
# it installs several files (like /root/.rhosts) an its installation
# script tweaks several options in /etc/rc.conf
# -------------------------------------------------------
package=ari-0.0
packageAdd
# In case of any problem with the script we enable remote access now
and set a temporary root password
command="echo rc_conf_files="/etc/rc.conf /etc/rc.conf.local" >> /etc/rc.conf"
system
command="echo sshd_enable="YES" >> /etc/rc.conf"
system
command="echo 'devilinside' | /usr/sbin/pw usermod -u root -h 0"
system
command=/sbin/reboot
system
http://www.horseplay.demon.co.uk/freebsd_sysinstall.html
###################################################
# This is my install.cfg for FreeBSD 4.8-RELEASE. You must save this in UNIX and not PC format!
# This is a typical config that most people will want to use, modify as necessary.
#
# From the sysinstall manpage :
# "sysinstall is currently at the end of its life cycle and will eventually be replaced."
#
# [email protected]
#
# *** WARNING *** DO NOT USE THIS CONFIG YOU'VE READ IT CAREFULLY AS IT WILL OVERWRITE YOUR DISK
#
# Use Alt F2 to see the debug output
installVarDefaults
nonInteractive=NO
tryDHCP=NO
noWarn=NO
# router solicitation, turns off IPv6
tryRTSOL=NO
debug=yes
###################################################
# Installed host's configuration
hostname=buddha.dazdaz.org
domainname=dazdaz.org
nameserver=158.152.1.43
defaultrouter=62.49.203.113
ipaddr=62.49.203.114
netmask=255.255.255.248
###################################################
# Which installation method to use
# This is where the system will go - ftp://ftp.uk.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/i386/packages-4.8-release/All/
# If you use a different kernel, such as upgrading to 4.8-STABLE then you won't be able to ftp packages because
# sysinstall does'nt allow it.
_ftpPath=ftp://ftp.uk.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/
netDev=xl0
mediaSetFTP
#mediaSetNFS
#nfs=MyNfsServer:/export/ari_scratch2/gallatin/freebsd-dist
###################################################
# Select which distributions we want.
dists=bin doc manpages dict info crypto compat3x compat4x ports ssecure sbase scontrib sgnu setc sinclude slib slibexec srelease sbin ssbin sshare ssys subin susbin ssmailcf Xbin Xcfg Xdoc Xhtml Xlib Xlk98 Xlkit Xman Xprog Xps Xset Servers/XSVGA Servers/XVG16 Servers/Xnest Servers/Xvfb Xfnts Xf100 Xfcyr Xfscl Xfnon Xfsrv
distSetCustom
###################################################
# Set the parameters for the partition editor
# ad = IDE, da = SCSI
disk=ad0
# Enable this for interactive fdisk
#diskInteractive
# Change this to "all" if this is a server, we don't want any multi-booting rubbish on our servers
partition=existing
bootManager=boot
diskPartitionEditor
###################################################
# - All sizes are expressed in 512 byte blocks!
# - "Size in MB" = sectors * 512 / 1024 / 1024
# - "Number of blocks" = xsize in mb * 1024 * 1024 / 512
# The non-zero value after the mountpoint means enable soft updates
# 128MB UFS ad0s2a
ad0s2-1=ufs 262144 /
# 496MB SWAP ad0s2b
ad0s2-2=swap 1015808 none
# 256MB UFS ad0s2e
ad0s2-3=ufs 524288 /var
# 256MB UFS ad0s2f
ad0s2-4=ufs 524288 /tmp
# Rest of FreeBSD partition ad0s2g
ad0s2-5=ufs 0 /usr
#ad0s1=/ntfs N
diskLabelEditor
# runs diskLabelCommit diskPartitionWrite
installCommit
package=apache-1.3.27_4
packageAdd
package=autoconf254-2.54
packageAdd
package=automake-1.5,1
packageAdd
package=bash-2.05b.004
packageAdd
package=cvsup-without-gui-16.1g
packageAdd
package=expat-1.95.6_1
packageAdd
package=gawk-3.1.1
packageAdd
package=gdb-5.3_20030311
packageAdd
package=gdbm-1.8.3
packageAdd
package=gettext-0.11.5_1
packageAdd
package=gmake-3.80
packageAdd
package=gsed-4.0.5
packageAdd
package=libtool-1.3.4_4
packageAdd
package=links-2.1.p9,1
packageAdd
package=lynx-2.8.5d12
packageAdd
package=mod_php4-4.3.1
packageAdd
package=mozilla-1.3b,1
packageAdd
package=mozilla-headers-1.3b,1
packageAdd
package=mpg123-0.59r_9
packageAdd
package=mtools-3.9.8_1
packageAdd
package=ncftp-3.1.5
packageAdd
package=ncurses-5.3
packageAdd
package=netcat-1.10_1
packageAdd
package=rsync-2.5.6_1
packageAdd
package=samba-3.0a20
packageAdd
package=screen-3.9.13
packageAdd
package=stat-1.3_1
packageAdd
package=sudo-1.6.6_1
packageAdd
package=tcsh-6.11.00
packageAdd
package=ucd-snmp-4.2.6
packageAdd
package=unzip-5.50
packageAdd
package=vim-6.1.365
packageAdd
package=xmms-1.2.7_3
packageAdd
#package=my-pkg
#packageAdd
# If you use execute a system command with parameters, then you must use double quotes, else it won't work
# and will terminate the script.
# I recommend that you execute as few commands here as possible because if they fail the subsequent commands
# will not be executed, and so the entire installation may be unusable depending on the subsequent commands.
# Remember to use the full path to the system command
# WARNING WARNING WARNING WARNING WARNING WARNING WARNING WARNING WARNING WARNING WARNING WARNING WARNING WARNING
# These still don't work properly, i'm fed up with sysinstall!!! Just execute the script, that works.
# WARNING WARNING WARNING WARNING WARNING WARNING WARNING WARNING WARNING WARNING WARNING WARNING WARNING WARNING
# In case of any problem with the script we enable remote access now and set a temporary root password
command="echo rc_conf_files="/etc/rc.conf /etc/rc.conf.local" >> /etc/rc.conf"
system
command="echo sshd_enable="YES" >> /etc/rc.conf"
system
command="echo 'abc123' | /usr/sbin/pw usermod -u root -h 0"
system
# We write a script to make system changes as opposed to using a package as this way we have much more control
# PATH is not set so also be careful to explicitly tell system where the script is
command=/stand/post-install.sh
system
command=/sbin/reboot
system
# End of install.cfg
Here is a customised install.cfg that I also wrote which creates a /home
as a seperate BSD partition which we'll use to survive future re-installs.
installVarDefaults
nonInteractive=NO
tryDHCP=NO
noWarn=NO
tryRTSOL=NO
debug=yes
hostname=buddha.dazdaz.org
domainname=dazdaz.org
nameserver=158.152.1.43
defaultrouter=62.49.203.113
ipaddr=62.49.203.114
netmask=255.255.255.248
_ftpPath=ftp://ftp.fr.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/
netDev=xl0
mediaSetFTP
dists=bin doc manpages dict info crypto compat3x compat4x ports ssecure sbase scontrib sgnu setc sinclude slib slibexec srelease sbin ssbin sshare ssys subin susbin ssmailcf Xbin Xcfg Xdoc Xhtml Xlib Xlk98 Xlkit Xman Xprog Xps Xset Servers/XSVGA Servers/XVG16 Servers/Xnest Servers/Xvfb Xfnts Xf100 Xfcyr Xfscl Xfnon Xfsrv
distSetCustom
disk=ad0
partition=existing
bootManager=boot
diskPartitionEditor
# - "Size in MB" = sectors * 512 / 1024 / 1024
# - "Number of blocks" = xsize in mb * 1024 * 1024 / 512
# 128MB UFS ad0s2a
ad0s2-1=ufs 262144 / 1
# 496MB SWAP ad0s2b
ad0s2-2=swap 1015808 none
# 512MB UFS+S ad0s2e
ad0s2-3=ufs 1048576 /var 1
# 256MB UFS+S ad0s2f
ad0s2-4=ufs 524288 /tmp 1
# 40GB UFS+S ad0s2g
ad0s2-5=ufs 83886080 /home 1
# Rest of FreeBSD partition ad0s2h
ad0s2-6=ufs 0 /usr 1
#ad0s1=/ntfs N
diskLabelEditor
# runs diskLabelCommit diskPartitionWrite
installCommit
package=apache-1.3.27_4
packageAdd
package=autoconf254-2.54
packageAdd
package=automake-1.5,1
packageAdd
package=bash-2.05b.004
packageAdd
package=cvsup-without-gui-16.1g
packageAdd
package=expat-1.95.6_1
packageAdd
package=gawk-3.1.1
packageAdd
package=gdb-5.3_20030311
packageAdd
package=gdbm-1.8.3
packageAdd
package=gettext-0.11.5_1
packageAdd
package=gmake-3.80
packageAdd
package=gsed-4.0.5
packageAdd
package=libtool-1.3.4_4
packageAdd
package=links-2.1.p9,1
packageAdd
package=linux_base-7.1_2
packageAdd
package=linux_devtools-7.1
packageAdd
package=lynx-2.8.5d12
packageAdd
package=mod_php4-4.3.1
packageAdd
package=mozilla-1.3b,1
packageAdd
package=mozilla-headers-1.3b,1
packageAdd
package=mpg123-0.59r_9
packageAdd
package=mtools-3.9.8_1
packageAdd
package=ncftp-3.1.5
packageAdd
package=ncurses-5.3
packageAdd
package=netcat-1.10_1
packageAdd
package=rsync-2.5.6_1
packageAdd
package=samba-3.0a20
packageAdd
package=screen-3.9.13
packageAdd
package=stat-1.3_1
packageAdd
package=sudo-1.6.6_1
packageAdd
package=tcsh-6.11.00
packageAdd
package=ucd-snmp-4.2.6
packageAdd
package=unzip-5.50
packageAdd
package=vim-6.1.365
packageAdd
package=xmms-1.2.7_3
packageAdd
command=/stand/post-install.sh
system
command=/sbin/reboot
system
FreeBSD automated installation Links
Useful install.cfg editing
http://sysadmin.cs.caltech.edu/docs/systems/freebsd_howto
Diskless booting
http://www.freebsd.org/doc/handbook/diskless.html
Booting FreeBSD with PXE
http://matt.simerson.net/computing/freebsd.netboot.shtml
FreeBSD Jumpstart Guide - PXE docs
http://people.freebsd.org/~alfred/pxe/
FreeBSD Jumpstart Guide
http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/pxe/article.html
Using Sysinstall's install.cfg to Automate FreeBSD Installations
http://www.cs.duke.edu/~gallatin/sysinstall.html
FreeBSD network booting
http://etherboot.berlios.de/doc/html/freebsd/t1.html
A m0n0BSD NFS boot (terminal) transcript
http://m0n0.ch/bsd/hack/boot.htmlhttp://m0n0.ch/bsd/hack/
Good post on creating dynamic install.cfg files - very clever indeed
http://groups.google.com/groups?threadm=bgh15b%2450p%241%40FreeBSD.csie.NCTU.edu.tw
http://www.cs.duke.edu/~gallatin/sysinstall.html
# This is the installation configuration file for our rackmounted FreeBSD
# cluster machines
# Turn on extra debugging.
debug=yes
################################
# My host specific data
hostname=dragonfly
domainname=cs.duke.edu
nameserver=152.3.145.240
defaultrouter=152.3.145.240
ipaddr=152.3.145.64
netmask=255.255.255.0
################################
################################
# Which installation device to use
nfs=MyNfsServer:/export/ari_scratch2/gallatin/freebsd-dist
netDev=fxp0
mediaSetNFS
################################
################################
# Select which distributions we want.
dists= bin doc games manpages catpages proflibs dict info des compat1x compat20 compat21 X331bin X331cfg X331doc X331html X331lib X331lkit X331man X331prog X331ps X331set X331VG16 X331nest X331vfb X331fnts X331f100 X331fcyr X331fscl X331fnon sinclude
distSetCustom
################################
################################
# Now set the parameters for the partition editor on sd0.
disk=sd0
partition=all
bootManager=none
diskPartitionEditor
diskPartitionWrite
################################
################################
# All sizes are expressed in 512 byte blocks!
#
# A 96MB root partition, followed by a 0.5G swap partition, followed by
# a 1G /var, and a /usr using all the remaining space on the disk
#
sd0s1-1=ufs 196608 /
sd0s1-2=swap 1048576 none
sd0s1-3=ufs 2097152 /var
sd0s1-4=ufs 0 /usr
# Let's do it!
diskLabelEditor
# OK, everything is set. Do it!
installCommit
# Install some packages at the end.
package=tcsh-6.07.02
packageAdd
package=ImageMagick-3.9.0
packageAdd
package=LPRng-3.2.3
packageAdd
package=Xaw3d-1.3
packageAdd
package=bash-1.14.7
packageAdd
package=bash-2.01
packageAdd
package=blas-1.0
packageAdd
package=bonnie-1.0
packageAdd
package=ctwm-3.5b1
packageAdd
package=cvsup-15.2
packageAdd
package=emacs-19.34b
packageAdd
package=expect-5.25
packageAdd
package=g77-0.5.19.1
packageAdd
package=ghostscript-5.03
packageAdd
package=gmake-3.76.1
packageAdd
package=gnuplot-336
packageAdd
package=ines-0.7
packageAdd
package=iozone-2.01
packageAdd
package=jbigkit-0.9
packageAdd
package=jpeg-6a
packageAdd
package=lapack-2.0
packageAdd
package=less-332
packageAdd
package=linux_lib-2.4
packageAdd
package=lmbench-1.1
packageAdd
package=lsof-4.15
packageAdd
package=modula-3-3.6
packageAdd
package=modula-3-lib-3.6
packageAdd
package=modula-3-socks-1.0
packageAdd
package=mpeg_lib-1.2.1
packageAdd
package=mtools-3.8
packageAdd
package=ncftp-2.4.2
packageAdd
package=netperf-2.1.3
packageAdd
package=p5-Tk-402.002
packageAdd
package=pdksh-5.2.12
packageAdd
package=perl-5.00401
packageAdd
package=png-0.96
packageAdd
package=python-1.4
packageAdd
package=skill-3.7.4
packageAdd
package=sudo-1.5.3
packageAdd
package=tcl-7.5.1
packageAdd
package=tcl-7.6
packageAdd
package=tcl-8.0
packageAdd
package=tcpblast-1.0
packageAdd
package=tcplist-2.2
packageAdd
package=tcptrace-4.0.2
packageAdd
package=tiff-3.3
packageAdd
package=tk-4.1.1
packageAdd
package=tk-8.0
packageAdd
package=transfig-3.2
packageAdd
package=xemacs-20.2
packageAdd
package=xfig-3.2
packageAdd
package=xless-1.7
packageAdd
package=xlispstat-3.44
packageAdd
package=xloadimage-3.03
packageAdd
package=xpaint-2.5
packageAdd
package=xpm-3.4j
packageAdd
package=xv-3.10a
packageAdd
package=xvgr-2.10.1
packageAdd
package=xview-config-3.2.1
packageAdd
package=xview-lib-3.2.1
packageAdd
package=xxgdb-1.12
packageAdd
package=zip-2.1
packageAdd
package=zsh-3.0.5
packageAdd
#
# this last package is special. It is used to configure the machine.
# it installs several files (like /root/.rhosts) an its installation
# script tweaks several options in /etc/rc.conf
#
package=ari-0.0
packageAdd
http://www.tnpi.biz/computing/freebsd/pxe-netboot.shtml
Booting FreeBSD via PXE (Preboot Execution Environment)
Version: v1.2
Publish Date: Dec 5, 2000.
Updated: Oct 18, 2003.
Audience: Unix System Administrators
Objective: Document the steps necessary to boot and/or install a
FreeBSD 5.x system using a DHCP, NFS, & TFTP server.
Background: FreeBSD can boot and install off a variety of mediums. The
common and most useful are floppies, cd-roms, and the network (ppp,
NFS, & ftp). All the methods work essentially the same, you bootstrap
the helpless machine off floppies (yes, even the CD boot uses floppy
emulation) and the mini-FreeBSD system then has enough smarts to
initialize CD-ROM drives, Ethernet, and PPP interfaces. This all works
fairly good for installing FreeBSD on one machine but what happens
when you want to install it on 20, or 50, or 1,000 machines? Right now
the process is pretty much a manual one on every machine. This is
expensive, error prone, and slow.
Excuse: I had quite a few reasons to embark upon this project.
1. It's a Royal PITA [TM] to build a custom FreeBSD install CD. I
literally spent days fuddying with cramming all the stuff I wanted
onto a 2.88M disk image and burning a lot of coasters getting it
perfected. The process of building bootable media isn't documented
well and worse yet, the only real documentation is found by
searching mailing lists. This is less than convenient as I found
myself compiling lots of post-it notes.
2. Even when I successfully built a bootable CD I was severely
limited because I was stuck in the confines of 2.88M. You must
wrestle with picobsd and the unless you're a good programmer (I'm
not) you're pretty much stuck living with the choices that were
made by others for their (apparently) obtuse reasons. No matter how
hard I tried, I just couldn't have as much fun as I'd like to when
booting off a CD.
3. Building a restore CD (to boot a failed server) that boots,
rebuilds, and restores an entire system is not easy. I needed a
simpler method of getting a machine bootstrapped than spending
hours building a custom boot CD that would let a clue deficient NOC
operator restore my servers.
4. The only time the CDROM drive gets used is when I'm installing
the OS. It's quite a waste to buy servers with Cd-Roms when you're
only going to use them once. You can do more with 1U and 2U
hardware when you've got another drive bay to play with.
5. In my spare time I'm building a cluster of FreeBSD machines.
It's primary purpose thus far is the conversion of electricity to
heat in my garage. I figure at some point I'll find a use for it
but until then, just building it has provided me with ample
motivation to learn a lot of cool new stuff about FreeBSD.
At BSDCon 2000 I sat in on a panel taught by Doug White on automated
system installations. It gave me the impetus to charge forth and
conquer the beast known as PXE. I'm too lazy to look up some of the
facts (again) so anywhere I use <>, please feel free to send me the
relevant information and URL's where I can verify and I'll update my
documentation.
Some time ago <date please> Intel developed a technology known as PXE
and began blessing their wonderful EtherExpress Pro Server Adapters
with this spiffy new feature. <Some 3Com NIC cards> also include PXE
technology. PXE is designed to allow a NIC card to fetch a
configuration from a DHCP server and boot up a computer via it's
network interface. John Baldwin and Paul Saab at FreeBSD saw the
usefulness of this feature and wrote a little boot loader
appropriately named pxeboot. Pxeboot is included in FreeBSD 4.1 and
higher.
So, how does it work you ask? Very well, I must say. Once you satisfy
it's many dependencies, things work great. Getting everything
satisfied wasn't as simple as I'd hoped. Anyway, follow the steps
below to reach enlightenment.
Requirement 1: FreeBSD distribution. It would be nice for FreeBSD to
just magically appear on your hard drive but alas, we've got to get it
from somewhere. I suppose you could fetch it from the FTP server but I
simply copied the CD contents to a NFS exported file system on my
server.
# mount /cdrom
# mkdir -p /usr/local/export/freebsd5.1
# rsync -avz /cdrom/ /usr/local/export/freebsd5.1
# ln -s /usr/local/export/freebsd5.1 /usr/local/export/freebsd
Requirement 2: Ethernet adapter with PXE boot roms. The Intel
Management adapters all include PXE but even our newest batches
required flash updating to get FreeBSD booted properly. This is what
my oldest Intel's looked like at first:
Intel UNDI, PXE-2.0 (build 067)
Copyright (C) 1997-1998 Intel Corporation
This version of PXE bios does not work. It will load the pxeboot
loader but fails soon thereafter. A visit to Intel's web site had me
downloading a file named 8255x.zip. Within that archive was three very
useful things. The first was a directory name 8255x containing the
boot ROM's for the Intel 8255x adapters. Logical huh? :-) The other
useful tool was the fboot.exe program. I created a DOS boot floppy and
copied these programs onto the boot floppy. I then installed five
Intel adapters into the PCI slots of my server and proceeded to update
them all.
After installing the new firmware the PXE bios looks like this:
Intel (R) Boot Agent Version 4.0.12
PXE 2.0 Build 082 (Wfm 2.0), RPC v2.7.3
Press Ctrl+S to enter the Setup Menu
Requirement 3: DHCP Server. I already had ISC-DHCP 3.0b installed so I
merely had to add a couple lines to my DHCP configuration. Here's what
a working configuration looks like:
option broadcast-address 192.168.254.255;
option domain-name-servers 192.168.254.3;
option domain-name "simerson.net";
option routers 192.168.254.1;
option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
server-name "pxe-gw";
server-identifier 192.168.254.3;
next-server 192.168.254.3;
default-lease-time -1;
subnet 192.168.254.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
range 192.168.254.32 192.168.254.99;
option root-path "/usr/local/export/pxe";
filename "pxeboot";
}
host cm.simerson.net {
hardware ethernet 00:e0:18:98:f0:cc;
fixed-address 192.168.254.126;
}
host c1.simerson.net {
hardware ethernet 00:60:97:0e:bb:a7;
fixed-address 192.168.254.131;
}
Requirement 4: DNS server. I'm not sure it's its necessary but I'm
sure it's at least a good idea. Create an entry in your DNS records
for dhcpserver.yourdomain.com and records for all the addresses in
your DHCP pool. It's saves us a lot of time waiting for DNS timeouts
when we've got DNS set up correctly.
Requirement 5: TFTP server. The DHCP configuration tells the booting
client that it's supposed to grab the filename "pxeboot" from the TFTP
server (next-server) at 192.168.254.3. Here's how mine is set up:
# grep tftp /etc/inetd.conf
tftp dgram udp wait nobody /usr/libexec/tftpd tftpd -l /tftpboot
# ll /tftpboot
-rw-r--r-- 1 root wheel 165888 Nov 30 11:46 pxeboot
This is pretty easy to configure. On most systems, simply comment out
the tftp line in your /etc/inetd.conf and restart inetd (killall -HUP
inetd).
NOTE: TFTP has virtually no built in security. You should only enable
a TFTP server on an internal (trusted) network or use a firewall to
restrict access to it. At a minimum, use TCP wrappers.
Requirement 6: PXEBOOT. Copy the pxeboot file from your /usr/src/sys
tree to the /tftpboot directory and you're all set:
# cp /sys/boot/i386/pxeldr/pxeboot /tftpboot
Once your machine has loaded the NIC cards PXE bios, it will (assuming
it's the chosen boot device) make the tftp request for the file
"pxeboot" from the tftp server. The tftp server, being properly
configured will hand it the file "pxeboot" which is comparable to the
FreeBSD loader program.
NOTE: The pxeboot program can be compiled to fetch the loader via TFTP
or NFS. NFS is the default but you can add this
"LOADER_TFTP_SUPPORT=YES" to your /etc/make.conf and recompile pxeboot
(#cd /usr/src/sys/boot; make clean; make depend; make; cp
i386/pxeldr/pxeboot /tftpboot).
Requirement 7: Boot loader. Once PXE boot is loaded it will fetch the
files it needs from the /boot directory that's defined within the
root-path directive your DHCP server handed it. Since we've defined a
root path of /usr/local/export/pxe, it'll be looking within the /boot
directory there for the second and third stage boot loaders. Here's
what we've got set up there:
matt# ll /usr/local/export/pxe/boot
-r-xr-xr-x 1 root wheel 512 boot1
-r-xr-xr-x 1 root wheel 7680 boot2
-r-xr-xr-x 1 root wheel 163840 loader
-rw-r--r-- 1 root wheel 504 loader.rc
-rw-r--r-- 1 root wheel 105 loader.rc-freebsd-ide
-rw-r--r-- 1 root wheel 105 loader.rc-freebsd-mailserver
-rw-r--r-- 1 root wheel 93 loader.rc-freebsd-mylex
-rw-r--r-- 1 root wheel 101 loader.rc-freebsd-scsi
You can get these files in a couple ways. You can either snag them off
the mfsroot.flp (follow the instructions on [24]Alfred Perlstein's
page) or just copy them from your source tree (like I did):
cd /sys/boot
mkdir -p /usr/local/export/pxe/boot
cp i386/loader/loader /usr/local/export/pxe/boot
cp i386/boot2/boot1 /usr/local/export/pxe/boot
cp i386/boot2/boot2 /usr/local/export/pxe/boot
You'll need to create the contents of the loader.rc file to look
something like this:
# more /usr/local/export/pxe/boot/loader.rc
echo Loading Kernel...
load /boot/kernel/kernel
load linux.ko
set choice=freebsd-ide
echo
echo You have 5 seconds to select one of the following:
echo
echo mylex
echo scsi
echo ide
echo mailserver
echo
read -t 5 -p "Type in your selection EXACTLY: " choice
echo
include /boot/loader.rc-$choice
echo booting...
echo \007\007
echo initializing h0h0magic...
set vfs.root.mountfrom=ufs:/dev/md0c"
#set console="comconsole" #(very useful if you don't have a kvm on
the box)
boot
I also wanted to have the ability to select which mfsroot I wanted to
boot off so I figured out how to script the loader process a little
bit. You'll notice that the loader.rc calls another file (ex.
/boot/loader.rc-freebsd-ide). Here's all that file looks like:
# more loader.rc-ide
echo Loading FreeBSD installer mfsroot for IDE/UDMA drives...
load -t mfs_root /mfsroot-ide
Requirement 8: NFS Server. Since we're going to use pxeboot's default
retrieval method of NFS, we'd better export the /usr/local/export/pxe
directory. Once most systems it's as easy as putting a line in
/etc/exports that looks like this: "/usr -alldirs -maproot=root -ro".
That exports the entire /usr file system with read only permissions.
Once you've added that line to the exports file, you need to restart
(or start) mountd. To set everything up on a FreeBSD system, just do
this:
# echo "/usr -alldirs -maproot=root -ro" >> /etc/exports
# if mountd is running "killlall -HUP mountd`"
# if mountd is not running "nfsd -t -u; mountd"
If you want this machine to be a NFS server every time you reboot, add
this to your /etc/rc.conf: "nfs_server_enable="YES".
NOTE: NFS security is adequate at best. Use IPFIREWALL or IPFILTER (I
use IPFIREWALL) to restrict access to it.
Requirement 9: Bootable Kernel. At this point your new machine has
just run the loader program which, as instructed by the loader.rc
file, is going to try loading the file named "kernel" from our root
path. Lucky for us, we've got a perfectly good kernel floating around
in our / directory so we just copy it from there over to our exported
directory.
# rsync -av /boot/kernel /usr/local/export/pxe/boot/
There are some requirements for this kernel, most specifically the MFS
support but if you just use a GENERIC kernel, things will work out
just fine for you. The reason you don't want to use the kernel off the
boot.flp or kern.flp images is that they pause at the kernel
configuration screen. Using a custom kernel also gives you the
flexibility to load klm's (kernel loadable modules) for your custom
install packages if you need to (I did).
Once the kernel loads we'll proceed to the next line of the loader.rc
file and that's fetching the mfsroot file. The mfsroot is just that, a
memory based file system that's stored in a file.
Requirement 10: MFSROOT. You have a couple options here. The first is
to simply use the mfsroot disk image that comes with the version of
FreeBSD you are installing. There are instructions for doing so on
[25]Alfred Perlstein's page. If your needs are modest and can be met
with the tools provided on the mfsroot floppy then have at it.
However, that defeats half the purpose of doing this exercise in the
first place.
I create a directory with the entire FreeBSD CD on my drive. I do it
like this:
mdconfig -a -t vnode -u 2 -f /path/to/5.1-RELEASE-i386-disc1.iso
mkdir -p /mnt/cdrom
mount_cd9660 /dev/md2 /mnt/cdrom
mkdir -p /usr/local/export/freebsd5.1
rsync -av /mnt/cdrom/ /usr/local/export/freebsd5.1/
mdconfig -d -u2
The real power behind this is that you can create your own mfsroot
with no size restrictions. Weehee, let's make a really big 25 megabyte
mfsroot:
cd /usr/local/export/pxe
dd if=/dev/zero of=mfsroot bs=1k count=25000
mdconfig -a -t vnode -f mfsroot -u0
disklabel -r -w md0 auto
newfs /dev/md0c
mkdir -p /mnt/mfs
mount /dev/md0 /mnt/mfs
There, now we've got 25 megs of space mounted on /mnt to play with.
The basic rule of thumb here to keep in mind is that you are building
a root file system for FreeBSD. Everything the kernel, sysinstall, and
your install programs needs from the root file system is what you need
to have in your /mnt directory. To get started we'll copy the contents
of the distribution mfsroot.flp to our new mfsroot:
mkdir /mnt/floppy
mdconfig -a -t vnode -u 1 -f
/usr/local/export/freebsd5.1/floppies/mfsroot.flp
mount /dev/md1 /mnt/floppy
cp /mnt/floppy/mfsroot.gz /tmp
umount /mnt/floppy
mdconfig -d -u 1
gunzip /tmp/mfsroot.gz
mdconfig -a -t vnode -u 1 -f /tmp/mfsroot
mount /dev/md1 /mnt/floppy
rsync -avzH /mnt/floppy/ /mnt/mfs
umount /mnt/floppy
mdconfig -d -u 1
Voila, now we've got a bootable mfsroot partition and tons of space to
play with. One thing to keep in mind, when you place any of your
spiffy utilities on there, make sure you compile them statically. This
is usually as easy as changing into the appropriate source directory,
editing the Makefile and adding "-static" to the CFLAGS. You've got
plenty of room to hack up your own sysinstall or anything else that
you want/need on your root partition.
At this point, you can simply umount the mfsroot (umount /mnt/mfs;
mdconfig -d -u 0) or build it up the way you want/need. We have some
pretty ugly kludges we've made which including hacking sysinstall and
a few other goodies that use about 20 megs. I'm sure you'll find some
creative ways to use all that space. Just drop in your statically
compiled binary and run with it. My system looks like this at boot
time:
Intel (R) Boot Agent Version 4.0.12
PXE 2.0 Build 082 (Wfm 2.0), RPC v2.7.3
Press Ctrl+S to enter the Setup Menu
DHCP MAC ADDR: 00:
CLIENT ID: 192.168.254.133 MASK 255.255.255.0 DHCP IP:
192.168.254.3
GATEWAY IP: 192.168.254.1
PXE Loader 1.00
Building the boot loader arguments
Relocating the loader and the BTX
Starting the BTX loader
BTX loader 1.00 BTX Version 1.01
Console: internal video/keyboard
BIOS drive A: is disk0
PXE Version 2.1, real mode entry point @9db3:0106
BIOS 639kB/392180kB available memory
FreeBSD/i386 bootstrap loader, Revision 0.8
([email protected]), Thu Nov 30 11:45:41 PST 2000)
pxe_open: server addr: 192.168.254.3
pxe_open: server path: /usr/local/export/pxe
pxe_open: gateway ip: 192.168.254.1
Hit [Enter] to boot immediately, or any other key for command
prompt.
Booting [kernel]
Requirement 11: Install.cfg. If you're installing FreeBSD via the
Ethernet adapter, (as opposed to just using PXE to netboot) then
you'll want to script sysinstall. Why go though all this bother if you
have to sit in front of the box and answer questions? Anyway, now our
loader.rc has requested the mfsroot file and pulled our 25 meg image
across it's 100Megabit interface. The loader.rc also tells the kernel
to get it's root file system from memory disk 0 (md0c) that we loaded.
The kernel then had it's root partition set up based on the contents
of our mfsroot partition. Once it checks out our hardware it looks for
/sbin/init which doesn't exist and then falls back to running
sysinstall.
Sysinstall checks to see if the file /install.cfg exists and if so,
uses it to control it's behavior. The script syntax is documented in
"man sysinstall" which you might need to install (cd
/usr/src/release/sysinstall; make install). There's a sample
install.cfg installed at: /usr/src/usr.sbin/sysinstall/install.cfg and
here's what my install.cfg looks like:
# Turn on extra debugging.
#debug=yes
#noWarn=YES
tryDHCP=YES
################################
# My host specific data
hostname=new.simerson.net
domainname=simerson.net
nameserver=192.168.254.3
defaultrouter=192.168.254.3
#ipaddr=204.216.27.230
#netmask=255.255.255.240
################################
################################
_ftpPath=ftp://ftp.cdrom.com/pub
nfs=192.168.254.3:/usr/local/export/freebsd
netDev=fxp0
mediaSetNFS
#mediaSetFTP
#mediaSetCDROM
#mediaSetHTTP
#mediaSetUFS
#mediaGetType
#netInteractive
################################
################################
# Select which distributions we want.
dists=bin doc manpages catpages proflibs dict info crypto compat22
compat3x compat4x ssecure sbase ssys setc ports
distSetCustom
################################
################################
# Now set the parameters for the partition editor on da0. Set to
use the
# disk exclusively (could also be "all" to use the whole disk but
# respecting the MBR or "free" to use only unallocated space for
FreeBSD).
diskInteractive=0
disk=da0
#disk=ad0
partition=all
#partition=exclusive
#partition=free
bootManager=booteasy
#bootManager=standard
diskPartitionEditor
################################
################################
# All sizes are expressed in 512 byte blocks!
# A 500MB root partition
da0s1-1=ufs 1024000 /
# And a 2GB swap partition
da0s1-2=swap 4096000 none
# And a 3GB var partition
da0s1-3=var 6144000 none
# Followed by a /usr partition using all remaining space (size 0 =
free space)
# and with softupdates enabled (non-zero arg following mountpoint).
da0s1-4=ufs 0 /usr 1
# Let's do it!
diskLabelEditor
################################
################################
# Now partition the 2nd disk.
#disk=ad1
#partition=exclusive
#diskPartitionEditor
#ad1s1-1=ufs 40960 /var
#ad1s1-2=ufs 0 /usr/src
#diskLabelEditor
################################
# OK, everything is set. Do it!
installCommit
# Install some packages at the end.
package=bash-2.05b.007
packageAdd
package=ncftp1-1.9.5
packageAdd
package=rsync-2.5.6_1
packageAdd
package=sudo-1.6.7.4
packageAdd
package=gmake-3.80
packageAdd
package=libtool-1.3.4_4
packageAdd
package=gdm2-2.4.1.4_1
packageAdd
package=cvsup-16.1h
packageAdd
#package=simerson-net
#packageAdd
#
#system /stand/my.custom.installer
shutdown
