18.4. What a Chat script means...

A chat script is a sequence of expect string, send string pairs. In particular, note that we ALWAYS expect something before we send something.

If we are to send something WITHOUT receiving anything first, we must use an empty expect string (indicated by " ") and similarly for expecting something without sending anything! Also, if a string consists of several words, (e.g. NO CARRIER), you must quote the string so that it is seen as a single entity by chat.

The chat line in our template is:-

exec /usr/sbin/chat -v

Invoke chat, the -v tells chat to copy ALL its I/O into the system log (usually /var/log/messages). Once you are happy that the chat script is working reliably, edit this line to remove the -v to save unnecessary clutter in your syslog.

TIMEOUT 3

This sets the timeout for the receipt of expected input to three seconds. You may need to increase this to say 5 or 10 seconds if you are using a really slow modem!

ABORT '\nBUSY\r'

If the string BUSY is received, abort the operation.

ABORT '\nNO ANSWER\r'

If the string NO ANSWER is received, abort the operation

ABORT '\nRINGING\r\n\r\nRINGING\r'

If the (repeated) string RINGING is received, abort the operation. This is because someone is ringing your phone line!

\rAT

Expect nothing from the modem and send the string AT.

OK-+++\c-OK ATH0

This one is a bit more complicated as it uses some of chat's error recovery capabilities.

What is says is...Expect OK, if it is NOT received (because the modem is not in command mode) then send +++ (the standard Hayes-compatible modem string that returns the modem to command mode) and expect OK. Then send ATH0 (the modem hang up string). This allows your script to cope with the situation of your modem being stuck on-line!

TIMEOUT 30

Set the timeout to 30 seconds for the remainder of the script. If you experience trouble with the chat script aborting due to timeouts, increase this to 45 seconds or more.

OK ATDT$TELEPHONE

Expect OK (the modem's response to the ATH0 command) and dial the number we want to call.

CONNECT ''

Expect CONNECT (which our modem sends when the remote modem answers) and send nothing in reply.

ogin:--ogin: $ACCOUNT

Again, we have some error recovery built in here. Expect the login prompt (...ogin:) but if we don't receive it by the timeout, send a return and then look for the login prompt again. When the prompt is received, send the username (stored in the shell variable $ACCOUNT).

assword: $PASSWORD

Expect the password prompt and send our password (again, stored in a shell variable).

This chat script has reasonable error recovery capability. Chat has considerably more features than demonstrated here. For more information consult the chat manual page (man 8 chat).