Партнёры:
Хостинг:
compress uncompress - compress and expand data
The uncompress utility restores compressed files to their original form, renaming the files by deleting the .Z extensions. A file specification need not include the file's .Z extension. If a file's name in its file system does not have a .Z extension, it will not be uncompressed and it will cause an error exit after other arguments are processed.
If renaming the files would cause files to be overwritten and the standard input device is a terminal, the user is prompted (on the standard error output) for confirmation. If prompting is not possible or confirmation is not received, the files are not overwritten.
As many of the modification time, access time, file flags, file mode, user ID, and group ID as allowed by permissions are retained in the new file.
If no files are specified or a file argument is a single dash (`- ' ) the standard input is compressed or uncompressed to the standard output. If either the input and output files are not regular files, the checks for reduction in size and file overwriting are not performed, the input file is not removed, and the attributes of the input file are not retained in the output file.
The options are as follows:
The utility uses a modified Lempel-Ziv algorithm. Common substrings in the file are first replaced by 9-bit codes 257 and up. When code 512 is reached, the algorithm switches to 10-bit codes and continues to use more bits until the limit specified by the -b option or its default is reached.
After the limit is reached, periodically checks the compression ratio. If it is increasing, continues to use the existing code dictionary. However, if the compression ratio decreases, discards the table of substrings and rebuilds it from scratch. This allows the algorithm to adapt to the next "block" of the file.
The -b option is unavailable for uncompress since the bits parameter specified during compression is encoded within the output, along with a magic number to ensure that neither decompression of random data nor recompression of compressed data is attempted.
The amount of compression obtained depends on the size of the input, the number of bits per code, and the distribution of common substrings. Typically, text such as source code or English is reduced by 50-60%. Compression is generally much better than that achieved by Huffman coding (as used in the historical command pack), or adaptive Huffman coding (as used in the historical command compact), and takes less time to compute.
The compress utility exits 2 if attempting to compress a file would not reduce its size and the -f option was not specified and if no other error occurs.
compress If the utility does not compress a file because doing so would not reduce its size, and a file of the same name except with an .Z extension exists, the named file is not really ignored as stated above; it causes a prompt to confirm the overwriting of the file with the extension. If the operation is confirmed, that file is deleted.
uncompress If an empty file is compressed (using -f ) the resulting .Z file is also empty. That seems right, but if uncompress is then used on that file, an error will occur.
Both utilities: If a `- ' argument is used and the utility prompts the user, the standard input is taken as the user's reply to the prompt.
Both utilities: If the specified file does not exist, but a similarly-named one with (for compress or without (for uncompress a .Z extension does exist, the utility will waste the user's time by not immediately emitting an error message about the missing file and continuing. Instead, it first asks for confirmation to overwrite the existing file and then does not overwrite it.
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