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NAME
dmake - DistributedMake
SYNOPSIS
dmake [-c dmake_rcfile] [-g dmake_group] [-j dmake_max_jobs]
[-o dmake_odir]
DESCRIPTION
Note: This man page supplements the make utility man page.
DMake is part of the Sun WorkShop TeamWare product. DMake
(DistributedMake) parses your makefiles and determines which
target can be built concurrently, and distributes the build
of those targets over a number of hosts set by you.
If you use the standard make utility, the transition to
DMake requires little if any alteration to your makefiles.
DMake is a superset of the make utility. With nested makes,
if a top-level makefile calls "make", you need to use
$(MAKE).
You execute dmake on a "DMake host" and distribute "jobs" to
"build servers." You can also distribute jobs to the DMake
host, in which case the DMake host also becomes a build
server. DMake distributes jobs based on makefile targets
that DMake determines (based on your makefiles) can be built
concurrently.
You can use any machine as a build server as long as it
meets the following requirements:
-From the DMake host (the machine you are using) you
must be able to use rsh, without being prompted for a
password, to remotely execute commands on the build
server. For example:
demo% rsh <machine_name> which dmake
/opt/SUNWspro/bin/dmake
The rsh must be "clean", with no additional output.
-The bin directory in which the DMake software is
installed must be accessible from the build server. By
default, DMake assumes that the logical path to the
DMake executables on the build server is the same as
the DMake host. This assumption can be overridden by
specifying a path name a an attribute of the host entry
in the runtime configuration file.
From the DMake host you can control which build servers are
used and how many DMake jobs are allotted to each build
server. The number of DMake jobs that can run on a given
build server can also be limited on that server.
OPTIONS
-c dmake_rcfile
Specifies an alternate runtime configuration file. The
default runtime configuration file is $(HOME)/.dmakerc.
-g dmake_group
Specifies the name of the build server group to which
jobs are distributed. You define server groups in the
runtime configuration file. The default server group
is the first group in the runtime configuration file.
-j dmake_max_jobs
Specifies the maximum total number of jobs that are
distributed to the specified group of build servers in
the runtime configuration file. The default maximum
number of jobs is the sum of all the specified jobs in
a build server group. The jobs are subtracted from, or
added to, hosts by 1 in the order they appear in the
runtime configuration file. For example, if all jobs
specified in the runtime configuration file total 8:
host earth { jobs = 3 }
host mars { jobs = 5 }
and dmake_max_jobs is specified as 11, DMake adds three
more jobs to the current total maximum number of jobs
(which is eight) as follows:
host earth { jobs = 5 }
host mars { jobs = 6 }
Also, if dmake_max_jobs is specified as 4, DMake sub-
tracts 4 jobs (from the original eight) as follows:
host earth { jobs = 1 }
host mars { jobs = 3 }
-m {serial | parallel | distributed}
Specify one of the following key words:
serial Causes DMake to behave like the standard
serial version of make.
parallel Causes DMake to execute jobs to only the
DMake host. This behavior is identical to
the ParallelMake program distributed with
TeamWare 1.x.
distributed Causes DMake to behave in fully distributed
mode. This is the DMake default.
-o dmake_odir
Specifies a common physical directory that DMake can
write temporary output files to and read temporary out-
put files from. The directory used is $(HOME)/.dmake
and this or whichever directory is specified, must be
visible to all build servers. Use this option only if
the $(HOME) directory on your local host and the
$(HOME) directory on all of your remote hosts are NOT
the same physical $(HOME) directory. For example, a
root user would use this option.
Note: These options and the environment variables and
makefile macros described later in this man page
modify the same behavior. Their order of precedence is
defined as:
1. Command-line options
2. Makefile macros
3. Environment variables
4. DMake default
USE
Special-purpose Targets
DMake allows targets to be built concurrently on a number of
build servers. Concurrent processing can greatly reduce the
time required to build a large system or project. DMake sup-
plies the special makefile targets .PARALLEL, .NO_PARALLEL,
.LOCAL, and .WAIT for controlling concurrency and timing.
.NO_PARALLEL: Use this target to indicate which targets
are to be processed serially.
.PARALLEL: Use this target to indicate which targets
are to be processed in parallel.
.LOCAL: Use this target to indicate which targets
are to be processed serially on the local
host.
.WAIT When you specify this target in a depen-
dency list, DMake waits until the dependen-
cies that precede it are finished before
processing those that follow, even when
processing is parallel.
Makefiles that you write using these targets remain compati-
ble with the standard version of make distributed with
Solaris 1.x and Solaris 2.x. Standard make accepts these
targets without error (and without action).
See the Sun WorkShop TeamWare User's Guide for more informa-
tion about modifications you can make to makefiles for use
with DMake.
Controlling DMake Jobs
The distribution of DMake jobs is controlled in two ways:
1. A DMake user on a DMake host can specify the
machines they want to use as build servers and the
number of jobs they want to distribute to each build
server.
2. The owner (a user that can alter the
/etc/opt/SPROdmake/dmake.conf file ) on a build server
can control the maximum total number of DMake jobs that
can be distributed to that build server.
The DMake Host
When DMake begins execution it searches for a runtime confi-
guration file to know where to distribute jobs. Generally,
this file is located in your home directory on the DMake
host and is named .dmakerc. DMake searches for the runtime
configuration file in the following locations and in the
following order:
1. The path name you specify on the command line using the
-c option
2. The path name you specify using the DMAKE_RCFILE
makefile macro
3. The path name you specify using the DMAKE_RCFILE
environment variable
4. $(HOME)/.dmakerc
If a runtime configuration file is not found, DMake switches
to parallel mode and distributes two jobs (the default) to
the DMake host. You can change this using the -j option, or
DMAKE_MAX_JOBS.
The runtime configuration file may contain a list of build
servers and the number of jobs you want distributed to each
build server. The following is a sample of a simple runtime
configuration file:
# My machine. This entry causes DMake to distribute to it
falcon { jobs = 1 }
hawk
eagle { jobs = 3 }
# Manager's machine. She's usually at meetings
heron { jobs = 4 }
avocet
The entries: falcon, hawk, eagle, heron, and avocet are
listed as build servers.
You can specify the number of jobs you want distributed to
each build server. The default number of jobs is two.
Any line that begins with the "#" character is interpreted
as a comment.
Note: This list of build servers includes falcon which is
also the DMake host. The DMake host can also be speci-
fied as a build server. If you do not include it in
the runtime configuration file, no DMake jobs are dis-
tributed to it.
You can also construct groups of build servers in the run-
time configuration file. This provides you with the flexi-
bility of easily switching between different groups of build
servers as circumstances warrant. For instance you may
define a different group of build servers for builds under
different operating systems, or on groups of build servers
that have special software installed on them. The build
servers must be all the same architecture and have the same
SunOS installed.
The following runtime configuration file contains groups:
earth { jobs = 2 }
mars { jobs = 3 }
group lab1 {
host falcon { jobs = 3 }
host hawk
host eagle { jobs = 3 }
}
group lab2 {
host heron
host avocet { jobs = 3 }
host stilt { jobs = 2 }
group labs {
group lab1
group lab2
}
group sunos5.x {
group labs
host jupiter
host venus { jobs = 2 }
host pluto { jobs = 3 }
}
Formal groups are specified by the "group" directive and
lists of their constituents are delimited by braces ({}).
Build servers that are constituents of groups are specified
by the optional "host" directive.
Groups can be constituents of other groups.
Individual build servers can be listed in runtime configura-
tion files that also contain groups of build servers. In
this case DMake treats these build servers as constituents
of the unnamed group.
DMake distributes jobs to a single group of hosts specified
by the following list and in precedence from 1 to 4.
1. The group specified on the command-line as an argument to
the -g option
2. The group specified by the DMAKE_GROUP makefile macro
3. The group specified by the DMAKE_GROUP environment vari-
able
4. The first formal group listed in the runtime configura-
tion file
The names of groups and hosts specified in the runtime con-
figuration file may be enclosed in double quotes. This is to
allow more flexibility with respect to the character
sequences that may appear as part of the group and host
names. For example, if the name of the group starts with a
digit it should be double-quoted:
group "123_sparc"
As mentioned above, the bin directory in which the DMake
software is installed must be accessible from the build
server. By default, DMake assumes that the logical path to
the DMake executables on the build server is the same as the
DMake host. This assumption can be overridden by specifying
a path name as an attribute of the host entry in the runtime
configuration file. For example:
group sparc-cluster {
host wren { jobs = 10 , path = "/export/SUNWspro/bin" }
host stimpy { path = "/opt/SUNWspro/bin" }
}
The Build Server
The /etc/opt/SPROdmake/dmake.conf file is located in the
file system of build servers. Use this file to specify the
following:
Required
-The maximum total number of DMake jobs (from all users) that can
run concurrently on that build server.
Optional
-The /usr/bin/ priority under which all DMake jobs are to be run.
The following is a sample of a dmake.conf file:
max_jobs: 8
_prio: 5
This file sets the maximum number of DMake jobs permitted to
run on that build server (from all DMake users) to be eight.
You can change the priority of the jobs to be run by using
the nice_prio command. See nice(1).
Note: If the /etc/opt/SPROdmake/dmake.conf file does not
exist on a build server, no DMake jobs will be allowed to
run on that server.
ENVIRONMENT/MACROS
The following can be defined as either environment variables
or makefile macros:
DMAKE_RCFILE Defines an alternate runtime confi-
guration file. The default runtime
configuration file is
$(HOME)/.dmakerc .
DMAKE_GROUP Defines the name of the build
server group to which jobs are dis-
tributed. Server groups are defined
in the runtime configuration file.
The default server group is the
first group in the runtime confi-
guration file.
DMAKE_MAX_JOBS Defines the maximum total number of
jobs that are distributed to the
specified group of build servers in
the runtime configuration file. The
default maximum number of jobs is
the sum of all the specified jobs
in a build server group. The jobs
are subtracted from, or added to,
hosts by 1 in the order they appear
in the runtime configuration file.
See the -j option in this man page
for an example.
DMAKE_MODE May contain one of the following
key words:
serial Causes DMake to behave
like the standard
serial version of make.
parallel Causes DMake to distri-
bute jobs to only the
DMake host. This
behavior is identical
to the ParallelMake
program distributed
with TeamWare 1.x.
distributed Causes DMake to behave
in fully distributed
mode. This is the DMake
default.
DMAKE_ODIR Defines a common physical directory
that DMake can write temporary out-
put files to and read temporary
output files from. Use this
environment variable, or macro,
only if the $(HOME) directory on
your local host and the $(HOME)
directory on all of your remote
hosts are NOT the same physical
$(HOME) directory. For example, a
root user would use this option.
FILES
$(HOME)/.dmakerc The default runtime configuration file.
Contains the names of build servers and
groups of build servers.
/etc/opt/SPROdmake/dmake.conf
Located on build servers, this file is
used to specify the maximum total number
of jobs that can be distributed to it by
all DMake users. It is also used to
specify the /usr/bin/nice priority all
DMake jobs are to be run under.
SEE ALSO
Sun WorkShop TeamWare User's Guide.
DIAGNOSTICS
See the Sun WorkShop TeamWare User's Guide for a complete
list of error and warning messages and possible remedies.
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