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NAME
jar - Java archive tool
SYNOPSIS
jar [ c ] [ f ] [ M ] [ m ] [ o ] [ t ] [ v ]
[ x file ] [ manifest-file ] destination input-file
[ input-files ]
DESCRIPTION
The jar tool is a Java application that combines multiple
files into a single JAR archive file. It is also a
general-purpose archiving and compression tool, based on ZIP
and the ZLIB compression format. However, jar was designed
mainly to facilitate the packaging of Java applets or appli-
cations into a single archive. When the components of an
applet or application (.class files, images and sounds) are
combined into a single archive, they may be downloaded by a
Java agent (like a browser) in a single HTTP transaction,
rather than require a new connection for each piece. This
dramatically improves download time. The jar tool also
compresses files and so further improves download time. In
addition, it allows individual entries in a file to be
signed by the applet author so that their origin can be
authenticated. The syntax for the jar tool is almost identi-
cal to the syntax for the tar(1) command.
The three types of input files for the jar tool are:
o manifest file (optional)
o destination jar file
o files to be archived
Typical usage is:
example% jar cf myjarfile *.class
In this example, all the class files in the current direc-
tory are placed in the file named "myjarfile". A manifest
file is automatically generated by the jar tool and is
always the first entry in the jar file. By default, it is
named META-INF/MANIFEST.INF. The manifest file is the place
where any meta-information about the archive is stored.
Refer to the Manifest Format in the SEE ALSO section for
details about how meta-information is stored in the manifest
file.
To use a pre-existing manifest file to create a new jar
archive, specify the old manifest file with the m option:
example% jar cmf myManifestFile myJarFile *.class
When files are added to a jar archive, the file and its MD5
and SHA hashes are stored. The hashes are entered to the
manifest file. It is easy to view and process the contents
of the manifest file, since it uses RFC822 ASCII format.
OPTIONS
The following options are supported:
c Creates a new or empty archive on the stan-
dard output.
f The second argument specifies a jar file to
process. In the case of creation, this refers
to the name of the jar file to be created
(instead of on stdout). For table or xtract,
the second argument identifies the jar file
to be listed or extracted.
M Do not create a manifest file for the
entries.
m Includes manifest information from specified
pre-existing manifest file. Example use:
example% jar cmf myManifestFile myJarFile *.class
You can add special-purpose name-value attri-
bute headers to the manifest file that aren't
contained in the default manifest. Examples
of such headers would be those for vendor
information, version information, package
sealing, and headers to make JAR-bundled
applications executable. See the JAR Files
trail in the Java Tutorial and the JRE Notes
for Developers web page for examples of using
the m option.
o Store only, without using ZIP compression.
t Lists the table of contents from standard
output.
v Generates verbose output on stderr.
x file Extracts all files, or just the named files,
from standard input. If file is omitted, then
all files are extracted; otherwise, only the
specified file or files are extracted.
If any of files is a directory, then that directory is pro-
cessed recursively.
EXAMPLES
To add all of the files in a particular directory to an
archive:
example% ls
0.au 3.au 6.au 9.au at_work.gif
1.au 4.au 7.au Animator.class monkey.jpg
e.au 5.au 8.au Wave.class spacemusic.au
example% jar cvf bundle.jar *
adding: 0.au
adding: 1.au
adding: 2.au
adding: 3.au
adding: 4.au
adding: 5.au
adding: 6.au
adding: 7.au
adding: 8.au
adding: 9.au
adding: Animator.class
adding: Wave.class
adding: at_work.gif
adding: monkey.jpg
adding: spacemusic.au
example%
If subdirectories for images, audio files, and classes
already exist in an HTML directory, use jar to archive each
directory to a single jar file:
example% ls
audio classes images
example% jar cvf bundle.jar audio classes images
adding: audio/1.au
adding: audio/2.au
adding: audio/3.au
adding: audio/spacemusic.au
adding: classes/Animator.class
adding: classes/Wave.class
adding: images/monkey.jpg
adding: images/at_work.gif
example% ls -l
total 142
drwxr-xr-x 2 brown green 512 Aug 1 22:33 audio
-rw-r--r-- 1 brown green 68677 Aug 1 22:36 bundle.jar
drwxr-xr-x 2 brown green 512 Aug 1 22:26 classes
drwxr-xr-x 2 brown green 512 Aug 1 22:25 images
example%
To see the entry names in the jar file using the jar tool
and the t option:
example% ls
audio bundle.jar classes images
example% jar tf bundle.jar
META-INF/MANIFEST.MF
audio/1.au
audio/2.au
audio/3.au
audio/spacemusic.au
classes/Animator.class
classes/Wave.class
images/monkey.jpg
images/at_work.gif
example%
To display more information about the files, in the archive,
such as their size and last modified date, use the v option.
example% jar tvf bundle.jar
145 Thu Aug 01 22:27:00 PDT 1996 META-INF/MANIFEST.MF
946 Thu Aug 01 22:24:22 PDT 1996 audio/1.au
1039 Thu Aug 01 22:24:22 PDT 1996 audio/2.au
993 Thu Aug 01 22:24:22 PDT 1996 audio/3.au
48072 Thu Aug 01 22:24:23 PDT 1996 audio/spacemusic.au
16711 Thu Aug 01 22:25:50 PDT 1996 classes/Animator.class
3368 Thu Aug 01 22:26:02 PDT 1996 classes/Wave.class
12809 Thu Aug 01 22:24:48 PDT 1996 images/monkey.jpg
527 Thu Aug 01 22:25:20 PDT 1996 images/at_work.gif
example%
ATTRIBUTES
See attributes(5) for a description of the following attri-
butes:
__________________________________
| ATTRIBUTE TYPE| ATTRIBUTE VALUE|
|_______________|__________________|_
| Availability | SUNWjvrt |
|_______________|_________________|
SEE ALSO
JAR Files @
http://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/jar/
JAR Guide @
http://java.sun.com/products/jdk/1.1/docs/guide/jar/jarGuide.html
Manifest Format @
http://sun.com/products/jdk/1.1/docs/guide/jar/manifest.html
For information on related topics, use the search link @
http://java.sun.com/
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