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NAME
java - Java interpreter
SYNOPSIS
java [ -cs | -checksource ] [ -classpathpath ]
[ -DpropertyName=newValue ] [ -debug ] [ -fullversion ]
[ -help ] [ -msx ] [ -mxx ] [ -noasyncgc ]
[ -noclassgc ] [ -noverify ] [ -ossx ] [ -prof ]
[ -proffile ] [ -ssx ] [ -t ] [ -v | -verbose ]
[ -verbosegc ] [ -verify ] [ -verifyremote ]
[ -version ] classname <args>
java_g [ -cs | -checksource ] [ -classpathpath ]
[ -DpropertyName=newValue ] [ -debug ] [ -fullversion ]
[ -help ] [ -msx ] [ -mxx ] [ -noasyncgc ]
[ -noclassgc ] [ -noverify ] [ -ossx ] [ -prof ]
[ -proffile ] [ -ssx ] [ -t ] [ -v | -verbose ]
[ -verbosegc ] [ -verify ] [ -verifyremote ]
[ -version ] classname <args>
DESCRIPTION
The java command executes Java bytecodes created by the Java
compiler, javac. The JIT (just in time) compiler compiles
these bytecodes into machine instructions by default in the
Solaris Java VM when using java. (To disable this default,
see the USAGE section below.)
The classname argument is the name of the class to be exe-
cuted and must be fully qualified by including the package
in the name, for example:
example% java java.lang.String
Note that any arguments that appear after classname on the
command line are passed to the main() method of the class.
The bytecodes for the class are put in a file called
classname.class by compiling the corresponding source file
with javac. All Java bytecode files end with the filename
extension .class which the compiler automatically adds when
the class is compiled. The classname argument must contain
a main() method defined as follows:
class Aclass {
public static void main(String argv[]){
. . .
}
}
The java command executes the main() method and exits unless
main() creates one or more threads. In this case, java
doesn't exit until the last thread exits.
When defining classes, specify their location with the
CLASSPATH environment variable, which consists of a colon-
separated list of directories that specifies the path. For
example:
.:/home/avh/classes
Note that the system always appends the location of the sys-
tem classes onto the end of the class path.
Ordinarily, compile source files with javac, then run the
program using java. However, java can be used to compile
and run programs when the -cs option is used. As each class
is loaded, the modification date is compared to that of the
class source file. If the source has been modified more
recently, it is recompiled and the new bytecode file is
loaded. The java command repeats this procedure until all
the classes are correctly compiled and loaded.
The interpreter determines whether a class is legitimate by
verification that ensures that the bytecodes, being inter-
preted, do not violate language constraints.
java_g is a non-optimized version of java for use with
debuggers like jdb(1). When using java_g to run a program
that loads a shared library, you must supply a debug version
of the library. You can create a debug version of a library
by simply appending "_g" to the name of the file. For exam-
ple, if the library was libhello.so, the debug version of
the library would be named libhello.so_g.
OPTIONS
-cs | -checksource
When a compiled class is loaded, this option
causes the modification time of the class
bytecode file to be compared to that of the
class source file. If the source has been
modified more recently, it is recompiled and
the new bytecode file is loaded.
-classpathpath Specifies the path that java uses to look up
classes. This overrides the default or
CLASSPATH environment variable, if it is set.
The system appends the location of the system
classes onto the end of path. Directories
are separated by colons. Thus, the general
format for path is:
.:<your_path>
For example:
.:/home/avh/classes:/usr/local/java/classes
-DpropertyName=newValue
Redefines a property value where propertyName
is the name of the property value to be
changed and newValue is the value. For exam-
ple, this command line
example% java -Dawt.button.color=green
...
sets the value of the property
awt.button.color to green. java accepts any
number of -D options on the command line.
-debug Allows the Java debugger - jdb(1) - to attach
itself to this java session. When -debug is
specified on the command line java displays a
password that must be used when starting the
debugging session.
-fullversion Displays full version information.
-help Displays a usage message.
-msx Sets the startup size of the memory alloca-
tion pool (the garbage collected heap) to x.
The default is 4 megabytes of memory. x must
be > 1000 bytes and must be less than or
equal to the maximum memory size (specified
with the -mx option).
By default, x is measured in bytes. To
specify x in either kilobytes or megabytes,
append "k" for kilobytes or "m" for mega-
bytes.
-mxx Sets the maximum size of the memory alloca-
tion pool (the garbage collected heap) to x.
The default is 16 megabytes of memory. x
must be > 1000 bytes and must be greater than
or equal to the startup memory size (speci-
fied with the -ms option).
By default, x is measured in bytes. To
specify x in either kilobytes or megabytes,
append the letter "k" for kilobytes or the
letter "m" for megabytes.
-noasyncgc Turns off asynchronous garbage collection.
When activated no garbage collection takes
place unless it is explicitly called or the
program runs out of memory. Normally garbage
collection runs as an asynchronous thread in
parallel with other threads.
-noclassgc Turns off garbage collection of Java classes.
By default, the Java interpreter reclaims
space for unused Java classes during garbage
collection.
-noverify Turns verification off.
-ossx Each Java thread has two stacks: one for Java
code and one for C code. The -oss option sets
the maximum stack size that can be used by
Java code in a thread to x. Every thread that
is spawned during the execution of the pro-
gram passed to java has x as its Java stack
size. The default units for x are bytes and x
must be > 1000 bytes.
To modify the meaning of x, append either the
letter "k" for kilobytes or the letter "m"
for megabytes. The default stack size is 400
kilobytes (-oss400k).
-prof Starts Java runtime with java(1) profiling
enabled. By default, this puts profile
results in the file ./java.prof. This option
only works with java_g.
-proffile Starts Java runtime with java(1) profiling
enabled. This form of the option allows the
user to specify a different output file for
the profile information. For example, the
option -prof:myprog.prof enables profiling
and puts the profile results in the file
myprog.prof rather than in the default file
./java.prof.
-ssx Each Java thread has two stacks: one for Java
code and one for C code. The -ss option sets
the maximum stack size that can be used by C
code in a thread to x. Every thread that is
spawned during the execution of the program
passed to java has x as its C stack size. The
default units for x are bytes and x must be >
1000 bytes.
To modify the meaning of x, append either the
letter "k" for kilobytes or the letter "m"
for megabytes. The default stack size is 128
kilobytes (-ss128k).
-t Prints a trace of the instructions executed
(java_g only).
-v | -verbose Causes java to print a message to stdout each
time a class file is loaded.
-verbosegc Causes the garbage collector to print mes-
sages whenever it frees memory.
-verify Runs the verifier on all code.
-verifyremote Runs the verifier on all code that is loaded
into the system via a classloader. The -ver-
ifyremote option is the default for the
interpreter.
-version Displays the build version information.
USAGE
The java command uses the JIT compiler by default. Either of
the following methods may be used to disable this default:
(1) set the JAVA_COMPILER environment variable to "NONE", or
(2) use the -D option as follows:
example% java -Djava.compiler=none classname
ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
CLASSPATH Used to provide the system with a path to
user-defined classes. Directories are
separated by colons, for example:
.:/home/avh/classes:/usr/local/java/classes
JAVA_COMPILER Overrides the default value for the property
java.compiler uses to speed program execu-
tion. The default value is "sunwjit" which
causes the file libsunwjit.so to be used. A
value of "NONE" turns off compilation.
FILES
libsunwjit.so Library containing runtime bytecode
optimization files.
ATTRIBUTES
See attributes(5) for descriptions of the following attri-
butes:
__________________________________
| ATTRIBUTE TYPE| ATTRIBUTE VALUE|
|_______________|__________________|_
| Availability | SUNWjvrt |
|_______________|_________________|
SEE ALSO
javac(1), javadoc(1), javah(1), javap(1), jdb(1)
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