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NAME

     perldiag - various Perl diagnostics



DESCRIPTION
     These messages are classified as follows (listed in
     increasing order of desperation):

         (W) A warning (optional).
         (D) A deprecation (optional).
         (S) A severe warning (default).
         (F) A fatal error (trappable).
         (P) An internal error you should never see (trappable).
         (X) A very fatal error (nontrappable).
         (A) An alien error message (not generated by Perl).

     The majority of messages from the first three
     classifications above (W, D & S) can be controlled using the
     `warnings' pragma.

     If a message can be controlled by the `warnings' pragma, its
     warning category is included with the classification letter
     in the description below.

     Optional warnings are enabled by using the `warnings' pragma
     or the -w and -W switches. Warnings may be captured by
     setting `$SIG{__WARN__}' to a reference to a routine that
     will be called on each warning instead of printing it.  See
     the perlvar manpage.

     Default warnings are always enabled unless they are
     explicitly disabled with the `warnings' pragma or the -X
     switch.

     Trappable errors may be trapped using the eval operator.
     See the eval entry in the perlfunc manpage.  In almost all
     cases, warnings may be selectively disabled or promoted to
     fatal errors using the `warnings' pragma.  See the warnings
     manpage.

     Some of these messages are generic.  Spots that vary are
     denoted with a %s, just as in a printf format.  Note that
     some messages start with a %s!  Since the messages are
     listed in alphabetical order, the symbols `"%(-?@' sort
     before the letters, while `[' and `\' sort after.

     "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s
         (W misc) A "my" or "our" variable has been redeclared in
         the current scope or statement, effectively eliminating
         all access to the previous instance.  This is almost
         always a typographical error.  Note that the earlier
         variable will still exist until the end of the scope or
         until all closure referents to it are destroyed.

     "my sub" not yet implemented
         (F) Lexically scoped subroutines are not yet
         implemented.  Don't try that yet.

     "my" variable %s can't be in a package
         (F) Lexically scoped variables aren't in a package, so
         it doesn't make sense to try to declare one with a
         package qualifier on the front.  Use local() if you want
         to localize a package variable.

     "no" not allowed in expression
         (F) The "no" keyword is recognized and executed at
         compile time, and returns no useful value.  See the
         perlmod manpage.

     "our" variable %s redeclared
         (W misc) You seem to have already declared the same
         global once before in the current lexical scope.

     "use" not allowed in expression
         (F) The "use" keyword is recognized and executed at
         compile time, and returns no useful value.  See the
         perlmod manpage.

     '!' allowed only after types %s
         (F) The '!' is allowed in pack() and unpack() only after
         certain types.  See the pack entry in the perlfunc
         manpage.

     / cannot take a count
         (F) You had an unpack template indicating a counted-
         length string, but you have also specified an explicit
         size for the string.  See the pack entry in the perlfunc
         manpage.

     / must be followed by a, A or Z
         (F) You had an unpack template indicating a counted-
         length string, which must be followed by one of the
         letters a, A or Z to indicate what sort of string is to
         be unpacked.  See the pack entry in the perlfunc
         manpage.

     / must be followed by a*, A* or Z*
         (F) You had a pack template indicating a counted-length
         string, Currently the only things that can have their
         length counted are a*, A* or Z*.  See the pack entry in
         the perlfunc manpage.

     / must follow a numeric type
         (F) You had an unpack template that contained a '#', but
         this did not follow some numeric unpack specification.
         See the pack entry in the perlfunc manpage.

     % may only be used in unpack
         (F) You can't pack a string by supplying a checksum,
         because the checksumming process loses information, and
         you can't go the other way.  See the unpack entry in the
         perlfunc manpage.

     /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c passed through
         (W regexp) You used a backslash-character combination
         which is not recognized by Perl.  This combination
         appears in an interpolated variable or a `''-delimited
         regular expression.  The character was understood
         literally.

     /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class passed through
         (W regexp) You used a backslash-character combination
         which is not recognized by Perl inside character
         classes.  The character was understood literally.

     /%s/ should probably be written as "%s"
         (W syntax) You have used a pattern where Perl expected
         to find a string, as in the first argument to `join'.
         Perl will treat the true or false result of matching the
         pattern against $_ as the string, which is probably not
         what you had in mind.

     %s (...) interpreted as function
         (W syntax) You've run afoul of the rule that says that
         any list operator followed by parentheses turns into a
         function, with all the list operators arguments found
         inside the parentheses.  See the Terms and List
         Operators (Leftward) entry in the perlop manpage.

     %s() called too early to check prototype
         (W prototype) You've called a function that has a
         prototype before the parser saw a definition or
         declaration for it, and Perl could not check that the
         call conforms to the prototype.  You need to either add
         an early prototype declaration for the subroutine in
         question, or move the subroutine definition ahead of the
         call to get proper prototype checking.  Alternatively,
         if you are certain that you're calling the function
         correctly, you may put an ampersand before the name to
         avoid the warning.  See the perlsub manpage.

     %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element
         (F) The argument to exists() must be a hash or array
         element, such as:

             $foo{$bar}
             $ref->{"susie"}[12]


     %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice
         (F) The argument to delete() must be either a hash or
         array element, such as:

             $foo{$bar}
             $ref->{"susie"}[12]

         or a hash or array slice, such as:

             @foo[$bar, $baz, $xyzzy]
             @{$ref->[12]}{"susie", "queue"}


     %s argument is not a subroutine name
         (F) The argument to exists() for `exists &sub' must be a
         subroutine name, and not a subroutine call.  `exists
         &sub()' will generate this error.

     %s did not return a true value
         (F) A required (or used) file must return a true value
         to indicate that it compiled correctly and ran its
         initialization code correctly.  It's traditional to end
         such a file with a "1;", though any true value would do.
         See the require entry in the perlfunc manpage.

     %s found where operator expected
         (S) The Perl lexer knows whether to expect a term or an
         operator.  If it sees what it knows to be a term when it
         was expecting to see an operator, it gives you this
         warning.  Usually it indicates that an operator or
         delimiter was omitted, such as a semicolon.

     %s had compilation errors
         (F) The final summary message when a `perl -c' fails.

     %s has too many errors
         (F) The parser has given up trying to parse the program
         after 10 errors.  Further error messages would likely be
         uninformative.

     %s matches null string many times
         (W regexp) The pattern you've specified would be an
         infinite loop if the regular expression engine didn't
         specifically check for that.  See the perlre manpage.

     %s never introduced
         (S internal) The symbol in question was declared but
         somehow went out of scope before it could possibly have
         been used.

     %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word: %s
         (W reserved) A lowercase attribute name was used that
         had a package-specific handler.  That name might have a
         meaning to Perl itself some day, even though it doesn't
         yet.  Perhaps you should use a mixed-case attribute
         name, instead.  See the attributes manpage.

     %s syntax OK
         (F) The final summary message when a `perl -c' succeeds.

     %s: Command not found
         (A) You've accidentally run your script through csh
         instead of Perl.  Check the #! line, or manually feed
         your script into Perl yourself.

     %s: Expression syntax
         (A) You've accidentally run your script through csh
         instead of Perl.  Check the #! line, or manually feed
         your script into Perl yourself.

     %s: Undefined variable
         (A) You've accidentally run your script through csh
         instead of Perl.  Check the #! line, or manually feed
         your script into Perl yourself.

     %s: not found
         (A) You've accidentally run your script through the
         Bourne shell instead of Perl.  Check the #! line, or
         manually feed your script into Perl yourself.

     (in cleanup) %s
         (W misc) This prefix usually indicates that a DESTROY()
         method raised the indicated exception.  Since
         destructors are usually called by the system at
         arbitrary points during execution, and often a vast
         number of times, the warning is issued only once for any
         number of failures that would otherwise result in the
         same message being repeated.

         Failure of user callbacks dispatched using the
         `G_KEEPERR' flag could also result in this warning.  See
         the G_KEEPERR entry in the perlcall manpage.

     (Missing semicolon on previous line?)
         (S) This is an educated guess made in conjunction with
         the message "%s found where operator expected".  Don't
         automatically put a semicolon on the previous line just
         because you saw this message.

     -P not allowed for setuid/setgid script
         (F) The script would have to be opened by the C
         preprocessor by name, which provides a race condition
         that breaks security.

     `-T' and `-B' not implemented on filehandles
         (F) Perl can't peek at the stdio buffer of filehandles
         when it doesn't know about your kind of stdio.  You'll
         have to use a filename instead.

     `-p' destination: %s
         (F) An error occurred during the implicit output invoked
         by the `-p' command-line switch.  (This output goes to
         STDOUT unless you've redirected it with select().)

     500 Server error
         See Server error.

     ?+* follows nothing in regexp
         (F) You started a regular expression with a quantifier.
         Backslash it if you meant it literally.   See the perlre
         manpage.

     @ outside of string
         (F) You had a pack template that specified an absolute
         position outside the string being unpacked.  See the
         pack entry in the perlfunc manpage.

     <> should be quotes
         (F) You wrote `require <file>' when you should have
         written `require 'file''.

     accept() on closed socket %s
         (W closed) You tried to do an accept on a closed socket.
         Did you forget to check the return value of your
         socket() call?  See the accept entry in the perlfunc
         manpage.

     Allocation too large: %lx
         (X) You can't allocate more than 64K on an MS-DOS
         machine.

     Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s)
         (W misc) The pattern match (//), substitution (s///),
         and transliteration (tr///) operators work on scalar
         values.  If you apply one of them to an array or a hash,
         it will convert the array or hash to a scalar value --
         the length of an array, or the population info of a hash
         -- and then work on that scalar value.  This is probably
         not what you meant to do.  See the grep entry in the
         perlfunc manpage and the map entry in the perlfunc
         manpage for alternatives.

     Arg too short for msgsnd
         (F) msgsnd() requires a string at least as long as
         sizeof(long).

     Ambiguous use of %s resolved as %s
         (W ambiguous)(S) You said something that may not be
         interpreted the way you thought.  Normally it's pretty
         easy to disambiguate it by supplying a missing quote,
         operator, parenthesis pair or declaration.

     Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use &
         (W ambiguous) A subroutine you have declared has the
         same name as a Perl keyword, and you have used the name
         without qualification for calling one or the other.
         Perl decided to call the builtin because the subroutine
         is not imported.

         To force interpretation as a subroutine call, either put
         an ampersand before the subroutine name, or qualify the
         name with its package.  Alternatively, you can import
         the subroutine (or pretend that it's imported with the
         `use subs' pragma).

         To silently interpret it as the Perl operator, use the
         `CORE::' prefix on the operator (e.g. `CORE::log($x)')
         or by declaring the subroutine to be an object method
         (see the Subroutine Attributes entry in the perlsub
         manpage or the attributes manpage).

     Args must match #! line
         (F) The setuid emulator requires that the arguments Perl
         was invoked with match the arguments specified on the #!
         line.  Since some systems impose a one-argument limit on
         the #! line, try combining switches; for example, turn
         `-w -U' into `-wU'.

     Argument "%s" isn't numeric%s
         (W numeric) The indicated string was fed as an argument
         to an operator that expected a numeric value instead.
         If you're fortunate the message will identify which
         operator was so unfortunate.

     Array @%s missing the @ in argument %d of %s()
         (D deprecated) Really old Perl let you omit the @ on
         array names in some spots.  This is now heavily
         deprecated.

     assertion botched: %s
         (P) The malloc package that comes with Perl had an
         internal failure.

     Assertion failed: file "%s"
         (P) A general assertion failed.  The file in question
         must be examined.


     Assignment to both a list and a scalar
         (F) If you assign to a conditional operator, the 2nd and
         3rd arguments must either both be scalars or both be
         lists.  Otherwise Perl won't know which context to
         supply to the right side.

     Attempt to free non-arena SV: 0x%lx
         (P internal) All SV objects are supposed to be allocated
         from arenas that will be garbage collected on exit.  An
         SV was discovered to be outside any of those arenas.

     Attempt to free nonexistent shared string
         (P internal) Perl maintains a reference counted internal
         table of strings to optimize the storage and access of
         hash keys and other strings.  This indicates someone
         tried to decrement the reference count of a string that
         can no longer be found in the table.

     Attempt to free temp prematurely
         (W debugging) Mortalized values are supposed to be freed
         by the free_tmps() routine.  This indicates that
         something else is freeing the SV before the free_tmps()
         routine gets a chance, which means that the free_tmps()
         routine will be freeing an unreferenced scalar when it
         does try to free it.

     Attempt to free unreferenced glob pointers
         (P internal) The reference counts got screwed up on
         symbol aliases.

     Attempt to free unreferenced scalar
         (W internal) Perl went to decrement the reference count
         of a scalar to see if it would go to 0, and discovered
         that it had already gone to 0 earlier, and should have
         been freed, and in fact, probably was freed.  This could
         indicate that SvREFCNT_dec() was called too many times,
         or that SvREFCNT_inc() was called too few times, or that
         the SV was mortalized when it shouldn't have been, or
         that memory has been corrupted.

     Attempt to join self
         (F) You tried to join a thread from within itself, which
         is an impossible task.  You may be joining the wrong
         thread, or you may need to move the join() to some other
         thread.

     Attempt to pack pointer to temporary value
         (W pack) You tried to pass a temporary value (like the
         result of a function, or a computed expression) to the
         "p" pack() template.  This means the result contains a
         pointer to a location that could become invalid anytime,
         even before the end of the current statement.  Use
         literals or global values as arguments to the "p" pack()
         template to avoid this warning.

     Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr
         (W substr) You supplied a reference as the first
         argument to substr() used as an lvalue, which is pretty
         strange.  Perhaps you forgot to dereference it first.
         See the substr entry in the perlfunc manpage.

     Bad arg length for %s, is %d, should be %d
         (F) You passed a buffer of the wrong size to one of
         msgctl(), semctl() or shmctl().  In C parlance, the
         correct sizes are, respectively,
         sizeof(struct msqid_ds *), sizeof(struct semid_ds *),
         and sizeof(struct shmid_ds *).

     Bad evalled substitution pattern
         (F) You've used the /e switch to evaluate the
         replacement for a substitution, but perl found a syntax
         error in the code to evaluate, most likely an unexpected
         right brace '}'.

     Bad filehandle: %s
         (F) A symbol was passed to something wanting a
         filehandle, but the symbol has no filehandle associated
         with it.  Perhaps you didn't do an open(), or did it in
         another package.

     Bad free() ignored
         (S malloc) An internal routine called free() on
         something that had never been malloc()ed in the first
         place. Mandatory, but can be disabled by setting
         environment variable `PERL_BADFREE' to 1.

         This message can be quite often seen with DB_File on
         systems with "hard" dynamic linking, like `AIX' and
         `OS/2'. It is a bug of `Berkeley DB' which is left
         unnoticed if `DB' uses forgiving system malloc().

     Bad hash
         (P) One of the internal hash routines was passed a null
         HV pointer.

     Bad index while coercing array into hash
         (F) The index looked up in the hash found as the 0'th
         element of a pseudo-hash is not legal.  Index values
         must be at 1 or greater.  See the perlref manpage.

     Bad name after %s::
         (F) You started to name a symbol by using a package
         prefix, and then didn't finish the symbol.  In
         particular, you can't interpolate outside of quotes, so
             $var = 'myvar';
             $sym = mypack::$var;

         is not the same as

             $var = 'myvar';
             $sym = "mypack::$var";


     Bad realloc() ignored
         (S malloc) An internal routine called realloc() on
         something that had never been malloc()ed in the first
         place. Mandatory, but can be disabled by setting
         environment variable `PERL_BADFREE' to 1.

     Bad symbol for array
         (P) An internal request asked to add an array entry to
         something that wasn't a symbol table entry.

     Bad symbol for filehandle
         (P) An internal request asked to add a filehandle entry
         to something that wasn't a symbol table entry.

     Bad symbol for hash
         (P) An internal request asked to add a hash entry to
         something that wasn't a symbol table entry.

     Badly placed ()'s
         (A) You've accidentally run your script through csh
         instead of Perl.  Check the #! line, or manually feed
         your script into Perl yourself.

     Bareword "%s" not allowed while "strict subs" in use
         (F) With "strict subs" in use, a bareword is only
         allowed as a subroutine identifier, in curly brackets or
         to the left of the "=>" symbol.  Perhaps you need to
         predeclare a subroutine?

     Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package
         (W bareword) You used a qualified bareword of the form
         `Foo::', but the compiler saw no other uses of that
         namespace before that point.  Perhaps you need to
         predeclare a package?

     Bareword found in conditional
         (W bareword) The compiler found a bareword where it
         expected a conditional, which often indicates that an ||
         or && was parsed as part of the last argument of the
         previous construct, for example:

             open FOO || die;

         It may also indicate a misspelled constant that has been
         interpreted as a bareword:

             use constant TYPO => 1;
             if (TYOP) { print "foo" }

         The `strict' pragma is useful in avoiding such errors.

     BEGIN failed--compilation aborted
         (F) An untrapped exception was raised while executing a
         BEGIN subroutine.  Compilation stops immediately and the
         interpreter is exited.

     BEGIN not safe after errors--compilation aborted
         (F) Perl found a `BEGIN {}' subroutine (or a `use'
         directive, which implies a `BEGIN {}') after one or more
         compilation errors had already occurred.  Since the
         intended environment for the `BEGIN {}' could not be
         guaranteed (due to the errors), and since subsequent
         code likely depends on its correct operation, Perl just
         gave up.

     Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-
         portable
         (W portable) The binary number you specified is larger
         than 2**32-1 (4294967295) and therefore non-portable
         between systems.  See the perlport manpage for more on
         portability concerns.

     bind() on closed socket %s
         (W closed) You tried to do a bind on a closed socket.
         Did you forget to check the return value of your
         socket() call?  See the bind entry in the perlfunc
         manpage.

     Bit vector size > 32 non-portable
         (W portable) Using bit vector sizes larger than 32 is
         non-portable.

     Bizarre copy of %s in %s
         (P) Perl detected an attempt to copy an internal value
         that is not copiable.

     Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s
         (W internal) A warning peculiar to VMS.  While Perl was
         preparing to iterate over %ENV, it encountered a logical
         name or symbol definition which was too long, so it was
         truncated to the string shown.

     Callback called exit
         (F) A subroutine invoked from an external package via
         call_sv() exited by calling exit.

     Can't "goto" out of a pseudo block
         (F) A "goto" statement was executed to jump out of what
         might look like a block, except that it isn't a proper
         block.  This usually occurs if you tried to jump out of
         a sort() block or subroutine, which is a no-no.  See the
         goto entry in the perlfunc manpage.

     Can't "goto" into the middle of a foreach loop
         (F) A "goto" statement was executed to jump into the
         middle of a foreach loop.  You can't get there from
         here.  See the goto entry in the perlfunc manpage.

     Can't "last" outside a loop block
         (F) A "last" statement was executed to break out of the
         current block, except that there's this itty bitty
         problem called there isn't a current block.  Note that
         an "if" or "else" block doesn't count as a "loopish"
         block, as doesn't a block given to sort(), map() or
         grep().  You can usually double the curlies to get the
         same effect though, because the inner curlies will be
         considered a block that loops once.  See the last entry
         in the perlfunc manpage.

     Can't "next" outside a loop block
         (F) A "next" statement was executed to reiterate the
         current block, but there isn't a current block.  Note
         that an "if" or "else" block doesn't count as a
         "loopish" block, as doesn't a block given to sort(),
         map() or grep().  You can usually double the curlies to
         get the same effect though, because the inner curlies
         will be considered a block that loops once.  See the
         next entry in the perlfunc manpage.

     Can't read CRTL environ
         (S) A warning peculiar to VMS.  Perl tried to read an
         element of %ENV from the CRTL's internal environment
         array and discovered the array was missing.  You need to
         figure out where your CRTL misplaced its environ or
         define PERL_ENV_TABLES (see the perlvms manpage) so that
         environ is not searched.

     Can't "redo" outside a loop block
         (F) A "redo" statement was executed to restart the
         current block, but there isn't a current block.  Note
         that an "if" or "else" block doesn't count as a
         "loopish" block, as doesn't a block given to sort(),
         map() or grep().  You can usually double the curlies to
         get the same effect though, because the inner curlies
         will be considered a block that loops once.  See the
         redo entry in the perlfunc manpage.


     Can't bless non-reference value
         (F) Only hard references may be blessed.  This is how
         Perl "enforces" encapsulation of objects.  See the
         perlobj manpage.

     Can't break at that line
         (S internal) A warning intended to only be printed while
         running within the debugger, indicating the line number
         specified wasn't the location of a statement that could
         be stopped at.

     Can't call method "%s" in empty package "%s"
         (F) You called a method correctly, and it correctly
         indicated a package functioning as a class, but that
         package doesn't have ANYTHING defined in it, let alone
         methods.  See the perlobj manpage.

     Can't call method "%s" on unblessed reference
         (F) A method call must know in what package it's
         supposed to run.  It ordinarily finds this out from the
         object reference you supply, but you didn't supply an
         object reference in this case.  A reference isn't an
         object reference until it has been blessed.  See the
         perlobj manpage.

     Can't call method "%s" without a package or object reference
         (F) You used the syntax of a method call, but the slot
         filled by the object reference or package name contains
         an expression that returns a defined value which is
         neither an object reference nor a package name.
         Something like this will reproduce the error:

             $BADREF = 42;
             process $BADREF 1,2,3;
             $BADREF->process(1,2,3);


     Can't call method "%s" on an undefined value
         (F) You used the syntax of a method call, but the slot
         filled by the object reference or package name contains
         an undefined value.  Something like this will reproduce
         the error:

             $BADREF = undef;
             process $BADREF 1,2,3;
             $BADREF->process(1,2,3);


     Can't chdir to %s
         (F) You called `perl -x/foo/bar', but `/foo/bar' is not
         a directory that you can chdir to, possibly because it
         doesn't exist.

     Can't check filesystem of script "%s" for nosuid
         (P) For some reason you can't check the filesystem of
         the script for nosuid.

     Can't coerce %s to integer in %s
         (F) Certain types of SVs, in particular real symbol
         table entries (typeglobs), can't be forced to stop being
         what they are.  So you can't say things like:

             *foo += 1;

         You CAN say

             $foo = *foo;
             $foo += 1;

         but then $foo no longer contains a glob.

     Can't coerce %s to number in %s
         (F) Certain types of SVs, in particular real symbol
         table entries (typeglobs), can't be forced to stop being
         what they are.

     Can't coerce %s to string in %s
         (F) Certain types of SVs, in particular real symbol
         table entries (typeglobs), can't be forced to stop being
         what they are.

     Can't coerce array into hash
         (F) You used an array where a hash was expected, but the
         array has no information on how to map from keys to
         array indices.  You can do that only with arrays that
         have a hash reference at index 0.

     Can't create pipe mailbox
         (P) An error peculiar to VMS.  The process is suffering
         from exhausted quotas or other plumbing problems.

     Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s"
         (S) Currently, only scalar variables can declared with a
         specific class qualifier in a "my" or "our" declaration.
         The semantics may be extended for other types of
         variables in future.

     Can't declare %s in "%s"
         (F) Only scalar, array, and hash variables may be
         declared as "my" or "our" variables.  They must have
         ordinary identifiers as names.

     Can't do inplace edit on %s: %s
         (S inplace) The creation of the new file failed for the
         indicated reason.

     Can't do inplace edit without backup
         (F) You're on a system such as MS-DOS that gets confused
         if you try reading from a deleted (but still opened)
         file.  You have to say `-i.bak', or some such.

     Can't do inplace edit: %s would not be unique
         (S inplace) Your filesystem does not support filenames
         longer than 14 characters and Perl was unable to create
         a unique filename during inplace editing with the -i
         switch.  The file was ignored.

     Can't do inplace edit: %s is not a regular file
         (S inplace) You tried to use the -i switch on a special
         file, such as a file in /dev, or a FIFO.  The file was
         ignored.

     Can't do setegid!
         (P) The setegid() call failed for some reason in the
         setuid emulator of suidperl.

     Can't do seteuid!
         (P) The setuid emulator of suidperl failed for some
         reason.

     Can't do setuid
         (F) This typically means that ordinary perl tried to
         exec suidperl to do setuid emulation, but couldn't exec
         it.  It looks for a name of the form sperl5.000 in the
         same directory that the perl executable resides under
         the name perl5.000, typically /usr/local/bin on Unix
         machines.  If the file is there, check the execute
         permissions.  If it isn't, ask your sysadmin why he
         and/or she removed it.

     Can't do waitpid with flags
         (F) This machine doesn't have either waitpid() or
         wait4(), so only waitpid() without flags is emulated.

     Can't do {n,m} with n > m
         (F) Minima must be less than or equal to maxima.  If you
         really want your regexp to match something 0 times, just
         put {0}.  See the perlre manpage.

     Can't emulate -%s on #! line
         (F) The #! line specifies a switch that doesn't make
         sense at this point.  For example, it'd be kind of silly
         to put a -x on the #! line.

     Can't exec "%s": %s
         (W exec) An system(), exec(), or piped open call could
         not execute the named program for the indicated reason.
         Typical reasons include: the permissions were wrong on
         the file, the file wasn't found in `$ENV{PATH}', the
         executable in question was compiled for another
         architecture, or the #! line in a script points to an
         interpreter that can't be run for similar reasons.  (Or
         maybe your system doesn't support #! at all.)

     Can't exec %s
         (F) Perl was trying to execute the indicated program for
         you because that's what the #! line said.  If that's not
         what you wanted, you may need to mention "perl" on the
         #! line somewhere.

     Can't execute %s
         (F) You used the -S switch, but the copies of the script
         to execute found in the PATH did not have correct
         permissions.

     Can't find %s on PATH, '.' not in PATH
         (F) You used the -S switch, but the script to execute
         could not be found in the PATH, or at least not with the
         correct permissions.  The script exists in the current
         directory, but PATH prohibits running it.

     Can't find %s on PATH
         (F) You used the -S switch, but the script to execute
         could not be found in the PATH.

     Can't find label %s
         (F) You said to goto a label that isn't mentioned
         anywhere that it's possible for us to go to.  See the
         goto entry in the perlfunc manpage.

     Can't find string terminator %s anywhere before EOF
         (F) Perl strings can stretch over multiple lines.  This
         message means that the closing delimiter was omitted.
         Because bracketed quotes count nesting levels, the
         following is missing its final parenthesis:

             print q(The character '(' starts a side comment.);

         If you're getting this error from a here-document, you
         may have included unseen whitespace before or after your
         closing tag. A good programmer's editor will have a way
         to help you find these characters.

     Can't fork
         (F) A fatal error occurred while trying to fork while
         opening a pipeline.

     Can't get filespec - stale stat buffer?
         (S) A warning peculiar to VMS.  This arises because of
         the difference between access checks under VMS and under
         the Unix model Perl assumes.  Under VMS, access checks
         are done by filename, rather than by bits in the stat
         buffer, so that ACLs and other protections can be taken
         into account.  Unfortunately, Perl assumes that the stat
         buffer contains all the necessary information, and
         passes it, instead of the filespec, to the access
         checking routine.  It will try to retrieve the filespec
         using the device name and FID present in the stat
         buffer, but this works only if you haven't made a
         subsequent call to the CRTL stat() routine, because the
         device name is overwritten with each call.  If this
         warning appears, the name lookup failed, and the access
         checking routine gave up and returned FALSE, just to be
         conservative.  (Note: The access checking routine knows
         about the Perl `stat' operator and file tests, so you
         shouldn't ever see this warning in response to a Perl
         command; it arises only if some internal code takes stat
         buffers lightly.)

     Can't get pipe mailbox device name
         (P) An error peculiar to VMS.  After creating a mailbox
         to act as a pipe, Perl can't retrieve its name for later
         use.

     Can't get SYSGEN parameter value for MAXBUF
         (P) An error peculiar to VMS.  Perl asked $GETSYI how
         big you want your mailbox buffers to be, and didn't get
         an answer.

     Can't goto subroutine outside a subroutine
         (F) The deeply magical "goto subroutine" call can only
         replace one subroutine call for another.  It can't
         manufacture one out of whole cloth.  In general you
         should be calling it out of only an AUTOLOAD routine
         anyway.  See the goto entry in the perlfunc manpage.

     Can't goto subroutine from an eval-string
         (F) The "goto subroutine" call can't be used to jump out
         of an eval "string".  (You can use it to jump out of an
         eval {BLOCK}, but you probably don't want to.)

     Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default
         (W signal) Perl has detected that it is being run with
         the SIGCHLD signal (sometimes known as SIGCLD) disabled.
         Since disabling this signal will interfere with proper
         determination of exit status of child processes, Perl
         has reset the signal to its default value.  This
         situation typically indicates that the parent program
         under which Perl may be running (e.g. cron) is being
         very careless.


     Can't localize through a reference
         (F) You said something like `local $$ref', which Perl
         can't currently handle, because when it goes to restore
         the old value of whatever $ref pointed to after the
         scope of the local() is finished, it can't be sure that
         $ref will still be a reference.

     Can't localize lexical variable %s
         (F) You used local on a variable name that was
         previously declared as a lexical variable using "my".
         This is not allowed.  If you want to localize a package
         variable of the same name, qualify it with the package
         name.

     Can't localize pseudo-hash element
         (F) You said something like `local $ar->{'key'}', where
         $ar is a reference to a pseudo-hash.  That hasn't been
         implemented yet, but you can get a similar effect by
         localizing the corresponding array element directly --
         `local $ar->[$ar->[0]{'key'}]'.

     Can't locate auto/%s.al in @INC
         (F) A function (or method) was called in a package which
         allows autoload, but there is no function to autoload.
         Most probable causes are a misprint in a function/method
         name or a failure to `AutoSplit' the file, say, by doing
         `make install'.

     Can't locate %s
         (F) You said to `do' (or `require', or `use') a file
         that couldn't be found. Perl looks for the file in all
         the locations mentioned in @INC, unless the file name
         included the full path to the file.  Perhaps you need to
         set the PERL5LIB or PERL5OPT environment variable to say
         where the extra library is, or maybe the script needs to
         add the library name to @INC.  Or maybe you just
         misspelled the name of the file.  See the require entry
         in the perlfunc manpage and the lib manpage.

     Can't locate object method "%s" via package "%s"
         (F) You called a method correctly, and it correctly
         indicated a package functioning as a class, but that
         package doesn't define that particular method, nor does
         any of its base classes.  See the perlobj manpage.

     Can't locate package %s for @%s::ISA
         (W syntax) The @ISA array contained the name of another
         package that doesn't seem to exist.

     Can't make list assignment to \%ENV on this system
         (F) List assignment to %ENV is not supported on some
         systems, notably VMS.

     Can't modify %s in %s
         (F) You aren't allowed to assign to the item indicated,
         or otherwise try to change it, such as with an auto-
         increment.

     Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call
         (F) Subroutines meant to be used in lvalue context
         should be declared as such, see the Lvalue subroutines
         entry in the perlsub manpage.

     Can't modify nonexistent substring
         (P) The internal routine that does assignment to a
         substr() was handed a NULL.

     Can't msgrcv to read-only var
         (F) The target of a msgrcv must be modifiable to be used
         as a receive buffer.

     Can't open %s: %s
         (S inplace) The implicit opening of a file through use
         of the `<>' filehandle, either implicitly under the `-n'
         or `-p' command-line switches, or explicitly, failed for
         the indicated reason.  Usually this is because you don't
         have read permission for a file which you named on the
         command line.

     Can't open bidirectional pipe
         (W pipe) You tried to say `open(CMD, "|cmd|")', which is
         not supported.  You can try any of several modules in
         the Perl library to do this, such as IPC::Open2.
         Alternately, direct the pipe's output to a file using
         ">", and then read it in under a different file handle.

     Can't open error file %s as stderr
         (F) An error peculiar to VMS.  Perl does its own command
         line redirection, and couldn't open the file specified
         after '2>' or '2>>' on the command line for writing.

     Can't open input file %s as stdin
         (F) An error peculiar to VMS.  Perl does its own command
         line redirection, and couldn't open the file specified
         after '<' on the command line for reading.

     Can't open output file %s as stdout
         (F) An error peculiar to VMS.  Perl does its own command
         line redirection, and couldn't open the file specified
         after '>' or '>>' on the command line for writing.

     Can't open output pipe (name: %s)
         (P) An error peculiar to VMS.  Perl does its own command
         line redirection, and couldn't open the pipe into which
         to send data destined for stdout.

     Can't open perl script "%s": %s
         (F) The script you specified can't be opened for the
         indicated reason.

     Can't redefine active sort subroutine %s
         (F) Perl optimizes the internal handling of sort
         subroutines and keeps pointers into them.  You tried to
         redefine one such sort subroutine when it was currently
         active, which is not allowed.  If you really want to do
         this, you should write `sort { &func } @x' instead of
         `sort func @x'.

     Can't remove %s: %s, skipping file
         (S inplace) You requested an inplace edit without
         creating a backup file.  Perl was unable to remove the
         original file to replace it with the modified file.  The
         file was left unmodified.

     Can't rename %s to %s: %s, skipping file
         (S inplace) The rename done by the -i switch failed for
         some reason, probably because you don't have write
         permission to the directory.

     Can't reopen input pipe (name: %s) in binary mode
         (P) An error peculiar to VMS.  Perl thought stdin was a
         pipe, and tried to reopen it to accept binary data.
         Alas, it failed.

     Can't reswap uid and euid
         (P) The setreuid() call failed for some reason in the
         setuid emulator of suidperl.

     Can't return outside a subroutine
         (F) The return statement was executed in mainline code,
         that is, where there was no subroutine call to return
         out of.  See the perlsub manpage.

     Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine
         (F) Perl detected an attempt to return illegal lvalues
         (such as temporary or readonly values) from a subroutine
         used as an lvalue.  This is not allowed.

     Can't stat script "%s"
         (P) For some reason you can't fstat() the script even
         though you have it open already.  Bizarre.

     Can't swap uid and euid
         (P) The setreuid() call failed for some reason in the
         setuid emulator of suidperl.

     Can't take log of %g
         (F) For ordinary real numbers, you can't take the
         logarithm of a negative number or zero. There's a
         Math::Complex package that comes standard with Perl,
         though, if you really want to do that for the negative
         numbers.

     Can't take sqrt of %g
         (F) For ordinary real numbers, you can't take the square
         root of a negative number.  There's a Math::Complex
         package that comes standard with Perl, though, if you
         really want to do that.

     Can't undef active subroutine
         (F) You can't undefine a routine that's currently
         running.  You can, however, redefine it while it's
         running, and you can even undef the redefined subroutine
         while the old routine is running.  Go figure.

     Can't unshift
         (F) You tried to unshift an "unreal" array that can't be
         unshifted, such as the main Perl stack.

     Can't upgrade that kind of scalar
         (P) The internal sv_upgrade routine adds "members" to an
         SV, making it into a more specialized kind of SV.  The
         top several SV types are so specialized, however, that
         they cannot be interconverted.  This message indicates
         that such a conversion was attempted.

     Can't upgrade to undef
         (P) The undefined SV is the bottom of the totem pole, in
         the scheme of upgradability.  Upgrading to undef
         indicates an error in the code calling sv_upgrade.

     Can't use %%! because Errno.pm is not available
         (F) The first time the %! hash is used, perl
         automatically loads the Errno.pm module. The Errno
         module is expected to tie the %! hash to provide
         symbolic names for `$!' errno values.

     Can't use "my %s" in sort comparison
         (F) The global variables $a and $b are reserved for sort
         comparisons.  You mentioned $a or $b in the same line as
         the <=> or cmp operator, and the variable had earlier
         been declared as a lexical variable.  Either qualify the
         sort variable with the package name, or rename the
         lexical variable.

     Can't use %s for loop variable
         (F) Only a simple scalar variable may be used as a loop
         variable on a foreach.


     Can't use %s ref as %s ref
         (F) You've mixed up your reference types.  You have to
         dereference a reference of the type needed.  You can use
         the ref() function to test the type of the reference, if
         need be.

     Can't use \%c to mean $%c in expression
         (W syntax) In an ordinary expression, backslash is a
         unary operator that creates a reference to its argument.
         The use of backslash to indicate a backreference to a
         matched substring is valid only as part of a regular
         expression pattern.  Trying to do this in ordinary Perl
         code produces a value that prints out looking like
         SCALAR(0xdecaf).  Use the $1 form instead.

     Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in use
         (F) Only hard references are allowed by "strict refs".
         Symbolic references are disallowed.  See the perlref
         manpage.

     Can't use string ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in use
         (F) Only hard references are allowed by "strict refs".
         Symbolic references are disallowed.  See the perlref
         manpage.

     Can't use an undefined value as %s reference
         (F) A value used as either a hard reference or a
         symbolic reference must be a defined value.  This helps
         to delurk some insidious errors.

     Can't use global %s in "my"
         (F) You tried to declare a magical variable as a lexical
         variable.  This is not allowed, because the magic can be
         tied to only one location (namely the global variable)
         and it would be incredibly confusing to have variables
         in your program that looked like magical variables but
         weren't.

     Can't use subscript on %s
         (F) The compiler tried to interpret a bracketed
         expression as a subscript.  But to the left of the
         brackets was an expression that didn't look like an
         array reference, or anything else subscriptable.

     Can't weaken a nonreference
         (F) You attempted to weaken something that was not a
         reference.  Only references can be weakened.

     Can't x= to read-only value
         (F) You tried to repeat a constant value (often the
         undefined value) with an assignment operator, which
         implies modifying the value itself.  Perhaps you need to
         copy the value to a temporary, and repeat that.

     Can't find an opnumber for "%s"
         (F) A string of a form `CORE::word' was given to
         prototype(), but there is no builtin with the name
         `word'.

     Can't resolve method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s'
         (F|P) Error resolving overloading specified by a method
         name (as opposed to a subroutine reference): no such
         method callable via the package. If method name is
         `???', this is an internal error.

     Character class [:%s:] unknown
         (F) The class in the character class [: :] syntax is
         unknown.  See the perlre manpage.

     Character class syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes
         (W unsafe) The character class constructs [: :], [= =],
         and [. .]  go inside character classes, the [] are part
         of the construct, for example: /[012[:alpha:]345]/.
         Note that [= =] and [. .]  are not currently
         implemented; they are simply placeholders for future
         extensions.

     Character class syntax [. .] is reserved for future extensions
         (W regexp) Within regular expression character classes
         ([]) the syntax beginning with "[." and ending with ".]"
         is reserved for future extensions.  If you need to
         represent those character sequences inside a regular
         expression character class, just quote the square
         brackets with the backslash: "\[." and ".\]".

     Character class syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions
         (W regexp) Within regular expression character classes
         ([]) the syntax beginning with "[=" and ending with "=]"
         is reserved for future extensions.  If you need to
         represent those character sequences inside a regular
         expression character class, just quote the square
         brackets with the backslash: "\[=" and "=\]".

     chmod() mode argument is missing initial 0
         (W chmod) A novice will sometimes say

             chmod 777, $filename

         not realizing that 777 will be interpreted as a decimal
         number, equivalent to 01411.  Octal constants are
         introduced with a leading 0 in Perl, as in C.

     Close on unopened file <%s>
         (W unopened) You tried to close a filehandle that was
         never opened.

     Compilation failed in require
         (F) Perl could not compile a file specified in a
         `require' statement.  Perl uses this generic message
         when none of the errors that it encountered were severe
         enough to halt compilation immediately.

     Complex regular subexpression recursion limit (%d) exceeded
         (W regexp) The regular expression engine uses recursion
         in complex situations where back-tracking is required.
         Recursion depth is limited to 32766, or perhaps less in
         architectures where the stack cannot grow arbitrarily.
         ("Simple" and "medium" situations are handled without
         recursion and are not subject to a limit.)  Try
         shortening the string under examination; looping in Perl
         code (e.g. with `while') rather than in the regular
         expression engine; or rewriting the regular expression
         so that it is simpler or backtracks less.  (See the
         perlbook manpage for information on Mastering Regular
         Expressions.)

     connect() on closed socket %s
         (W closed) You tried to do a connect on a closed socket.
         Did you forget to check the return value of your
         socket() call?  See the connect entry in the perlfunc
         manpage.

     Constant is not %s reference
         (F) A constant value (perhaps declared using the `use
         constant' pragma) is being dereferenced, but it amounts
         to the wrong type of reference.  The message indicates
         the type of reference that was expected. This usually
         indicates a syntax error in dereferencing the constant
         value.  See the Constant Functions entry in the perlsub
         manpage and the constant manpage.

     Constant subroutine %s redefined
         (S|W redefine) You redefined a subroutine which had
         previously been eligible for inlining.  See the Constant
         Functions entry in the perlsub manpage for commentary
         and workarounds.

     Constant subroutine %s undefined
         (W misc) You undefined a subroutine which had previously
         been eligible for inlining.  See the Constant Functions
         entry in the perlsub manpage for commentary and
         workarounds.

     constant(%s): %s
         (F) The parser found inconsistencies either while
         attempting to define an overloaded constant, or when
         trying to find the character name specified in the
         `\N{...}' escape.  Perhaps you forgot to load the
         corresponding `overload' or `charnames' pragma?  See the
         charnames manpage and the overload manpage.

     Copy method did not return a reference
         (F) The method which overloads "=" is buggy. See the
         Copy Constructor entry in the overload manpage.

     CORE::%s is not a keyword
         (F) The CORE:: namespace is reserved for Perl keywords.

     Corrupt malloc ptr 0x%lx at 0x%lx
         (P) The malloc package that comes with Perl had an
         internal failure.

     corrupted regexp pointers
         (P) The regular expression engine got confused by what
         the regular expression compiler gave it.

     corrupted regexp program
         (P) The regular expression engine got passed a regexp
         program without a valid magic number.

     Deep recursion on subroutine "%s"
         (W recursion) This subroutine has called itself
         (directly or indirectly) 100 times more than it has
         returned.  This probably indicates an infinite
         recursion, unless you're writing strange benchmark
         programs, in which case it indicates something else.

     defined(@array) is deprecated
         (D deprecated) defined() is not usually useful on arrays
         because it checks for an undefined scalar value.  If you
         want to see if the array is empty, just use `if (@array)
         { # not empty }' for example.

     defined(%hash) is deprecated
         (D deprecated) defined() is not usually useful on hashes
         because it checks for an undefined scalar value.  If you
         want to see if the hash is empty, just use `if (%hash) {
         # not empty }' for example.

     Delimiter for here document is too long
         (F) In a here document construct like `<<FOO', the label
         `FOO' is too long for Perl to handle.  You have to be
         seriously twisted to write code that triggers this
         error.

     Did not produce a valid header
         See Server error.

     (Did you mean &%s instead?)
         (W) You probably referred to an imported subroutine &FOO
         as $FOO or some such.

     (Did you mean "local" instead of "our"?)
         (W misc) Remember that "our" does not localize the
         declared global variable.  You have declared it again in
         the same lexical scope, which seems superfluous.

     (Did you mean $ or @ instead of %?)
         (W) You probably said %hash{$key} when you meant
         $hash{$key} or @hash{@keys}.  On the other hand, maybe
         you just meant %hash and got carried away.

     Died
         (F) You passed die() an empty string (the equivalent of
         `die ""') or you called it with no args and both `$@'
         and `$_' were empty.

     (Do you need to predeclare %s?)
         (S) This is an educated guess made in conjunction with
         the message "%s found where operator expected".  It
         often means a subroutine or module name is being
         referenced that hasn't been declared yet.  This may be
         because of ordering problems in your file, or because of
         a missing "sub", "package", "require", or "use"
         statement.  If you're referencing something that isn't
         defined yet, you don't actually have to define the
         subroutine or package before the current location.  You
         can use an empty "sub foo;" or "package FOO;" to enter a
         "forward" declaration.

     Document contains no data
         See Server error.

     Don't know how to handle magic of type '%s'
         (P) The internal handling of magical variables has been
         cursed.

     do_study: out of memory
         (P) This should have been caught by safemalloc()
         instead.

     Duplicate free() ignored
         (S malloc) An internal routine called free() on
         something that had already been freed.

     elseif should be elsif
         (S) There is no keyword "elseif" in Perl because Larry
         thinks it's ugly.  Your code will be interpreted as an
         attempt to call a method named "elseif" for the class
         returned by the following block.  This is unlikely to be
         what you want.

     %s failed--call queue aborted
         (F) An untrapped exception was raised while executing a
         CHECK, INIT, or END subroutine.  Processing of the
         remainder of the queue of such routines has been
         prematurely ended.

     entering effective %s failed
         (F) While under the `use filetest' pragma, switching the
         real and effective uids or gids failed.

     Error converting file specification %s
         (F) An error peculiar to VMS.  Because Perl may have to
         deal with file specifications in either VMS or Unix
         syntax, it converts them to a single form when it must
         operate on them directly.  Either you've passed an
         invalid file specification to Perl, or you've found a
         case the conversion routines don't handle.  Drat.

     %s: Eval-group in insecure regular expression
         (F) Perl detected tainted data when trying to compile a
         regular expression that contains the `(?{ ... })' zero-
         width assertion, which is unsafe.  See the section on
         "(?{ code })" in the perlre manpage, and the perlsec
         manpage.

     %s: Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval'
         (F) A regular expression contained the `(?{ ... })'
         zero-width assertion, but that construct is only allowed
         when the `use re 'eval'' pragma is in effect.  See the
         section on "(?{ code })" in the perlre manpage.

     %s: Eval-group not allowed at run time
         (F) Perl tried to compile a regular expression
         containing the `(?{ ... })' zero-width assertion at run
         time, as it would when the pattern contains interpolated
         values.  Since that is a security risk, it is not
         allowed.  If you insist, you may still do this by
         explicitly building the pattern from an interpolated
         string at run time and using that in an eval().  See the
         section on "(?{ code })" in the perlre manpage.

     Excessively long <> operator
         (F) The contents of a <> operator may not exceed the
         maximum size of a Perl identifier.  If you're just
         trying to glob a long list of filenames, try using the
         glob() operator, or put the filenames into a variable
         and glob that.

     Execution of %s aborted due to compilation errors
         (F) The final summary message when a Perl compilation
         fails.

     Exiting eval via %s
         (W exiting) You are exiting an eval by unconventional
         means, such as a goto, or a loop control statement.

     Exiting format via %s
         (W exiting) You are exiting an eval by unconventional
         means, such as a goto, or a loop control statement.

     Exiting pseudo-block via %s
         (W exiting) You are exiting a rather special block
         construct (like a sort block or subroutine) by
         unconventional means, such as a goto, or a loop control
         statement.  See the sort entry in the perlfunc manpage.

     Exiting subroutine via %s
         (W exiting) You are exiting a subroutine by
         unconventional means, such as a goto, or a loop control
         statement.

     Exiting substitution via %s
         (W exiting) You are exiting a substitution by
         unconventional means, such as a return, a goto, or a
         loop control statement.

     Explicit blessing to '' (assuming package main)
         (W misc) You are blessing a reference to a zero length
         string.  This has the effect of blessing the reference
         into the package main.  This is usually not what you
         want.  Consider providing a default target package, e.g.
         bless($ref, $p || 'MyPackage');

     false [] range "%s" in regexp
         (W regexp) A character class range must start and end at
         a literal character, not another character class like
         `\d' or `[:alpha:]'.  The "-" in your false range is
         interpreted as a literal "-".  Consider quoting the "-",
         "\-".  See the perlre manpage.

     Fatal VMS error at %s, line %d
         (P) An error peculiar to VMS.  Something untoward
         happened in a VMS system service or RTL routine; Perl's
         exit status should provide more details.  The filename
         in "at %s" and the line number in "line %d" tell you
         which section of the Perl source code is distressed.

     fcntl is not implemented
         (F) Your machine apparently doesn't implement fcntl().
         What is this, a PDP-11 or something?


     Filehandle %s never opened
         (W unopened) An I/O operation was attempted on a
         filehandle that was never initialized.  You need to do
         an open() or a socket() call, or call a constructor from
         the FileHandle package.

     Filehandle %s opened only for input
         (W io) You tried to write on a read-only filehandle.  If
         you intended it to be a read-write filehandle, you
         needed to open it with "+<" or "+>" or "+>>" instead of
         with "<" or nothing.  If you intended only to write the
         file, use ">" or ">>".  See the open entry in the
         perlfunc manpage.

     Filehandle %s opened only for output
         (W io) You tried to read from a filehandle opened only
         for writing.  If you intended it to be a read/write
         filehandle, you needed to open it with "+<" or "+>" or
         "+>>" instead of with "<" or nothing.  If you intended
         only to read from the file, use "<".  See the open entry
         in the perlfunc manpage.

     Final $ should be \$ or $name
         (F) You must now decide whether the final $ in a string
         was meant to be a literal dollar sign, or was meant to
         introduce a variable name that happens to be missing.
         So you have to put either the backslash or the name.

     Final @ should be \@ or @name
         (F) You must now decide whether the final @ in a string
         was meant to be a literal "at" sign, or was meant to
         introduce a variable name that happens to be missing.
         So you have to put either the backslash or the name.

     flock() on closed filehandle %s
         (W closed) The filehandle you're attempting to flock()
         got itself closed some time before now.  Check your
         logic flow.  flock() operates on filehandles.  Are you
         attempting to call flock() on a dirhandle by the same
         name?

     Format %s redefined
         (W redefine) You redefined a format.  To suppress this
         warning, say

             {
                 no warnings;
                 eval "format NAME =...";
             }



     Format not terminated
         (F) A format must be terminated by a line with a
         solitary dot.  Perl got to the end of your file without
         finding such a line.

     Found = in conditional, should be ==
         (W syntax) You said

             if ($foo = 123)

         when you meant

             if ($foo == 123)

         (or something like that).

     gdbm store returned %d, errno %d, key "%s"
         (S) A warning from the GDBM_File extension that a store
         failed.

     gethostent not implemented
         (F) Your C library apparently doesn't implement
         gethostent(), probably because if it did, it'd feel
         morally obligated to return every hostname on the
         Internet.

     get%sname() on closed socket %s
         (W closed) You tried to get a socket or peer socket name
         on a closed socket.  Did you forget to check the return
         value of your socket() call?

     getpwnam returned invalid UIC %#o for user "%s"
         (S) A warning peculiar to VMS.  The call to `sys$getuai'
         underlying the `getpwnam' operator returned an invalid
         UIC.

     glob failed (%s)
         (W glob) Something went wrong with the external
         program(s) used for `glob' and `<*.c>'.  Usually, this
         means that you supplied a `glob' pattern that caused the
         external program to fail and exit with a nonzero status.
         If the message indicates that the abnormal exit resulted
         in a coredump, this may also mean that your csh (C
         shell) is broken.  If so, you should change all of the
         csh-related variables in config.sh:  If you have tcsh,
         make the variables refer to it as if it were csh (e.g.
         `full_csh='/usr/bin/tcsh''); otherwise, make them all
         empty (except that `d_csh' should be `'undef'') so that
         Perl will think csh is missing.  In either case, after
         editing config.sh, run `./Configure -S' and rebuild
         Perl.

     Glob not terminated
         (F) The lexer saw a left angle bracket in a place where
         it was expecting a term, so it's looking for the
         corresponding right angle bracket, and not finding it.
         Chances are you left some needed parentheses out earlier
         in the line, and you really meant a "less than".

     Global symbol "%s" requires explicit package name
         (F) You've said "use strict vars", which indicates that
         all variables must either be lexically scoped (using
         "my"), declared beforehand using "our", or explicitly
         qualified to say which package the global variable is in
         (using "::").

     goto must have label
         (F) Unlike with "next" or "last", you're not allowed to
         goto an unspecified destination.  See the goto entry in
         the perlfunc manpage.

     Had to create %s unexpectedly
         (S internal) A routine asked for a symbol from a symbol
         table that ought to have existed already, but for some
         reason it didn't, and had to be created on an emergency
         basis to prevent a core dump.

     Hash %%s missing the % in argument %d of %s()
         (D deprecated) Really old Perl let you omit the % on
         hash names in some spots.  This is now heavily
         deprecated.

     Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable
         (W portable) The hexadecimal number you specified is
         larger than 2**32-1 (4294967295) and therefore non-
         portable between systems.  See the perlport manpage for
         more on portability concerns.

     Identifier too long
         (F) Perl limits identifiers (names for variables,
         functions, etc.) to about 250 characters for simple
         names, and somewhat more for compound names (like
         `$A::B').  You've exceeded Perl's limits.  Future
         versions of Perl are likely to eliminate these arbitrary
         limitations.

     Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s"
         (W internal) A warning peculiar to VMS.  Perl tried to
         read the CRTL's internal environ array, and encountered
         an element without the `=' delimiter used to spearate
         keys from values.  The element is ignored.

     Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter: |%s|
         (W internal) A warning peculiar to VMS.  Perl tried to
         read a logical name or CLI symbol definition when
         preparing to iterate over %ENV, and didn't see the
         expected delimiter between key and value, so the line
         was ignored.

     Illegal character %s (carriage return)
         (F) Perl normally treats carriage returns in the program
         text as it would any other whitespace, which means you
         should never see this error when Perl was built using
         standard options.  For some reason, your version of Perl
         appears to have been built without this support.  Talk
         to your Perl administrator.

     Illegal division by zero
         (F) You tried to divide a number by 0.  Either something
         was wrong in your logic, or you need to put a
         conditional in to guard against meaningless input.

     Illegal modulus zero
         (F) You tried to divide a number by 0 to get the
         remainder.  Most numbers don't take to this kindly.

     Illegal binary digit %s
         (F) You used a digit other than 0 or 1 in a binary
         number.

     Illegal octal digit %s
         (F) You used an 8 or 9 in a octal number.

     Illegal binary digit %s ignored
         (W digit) You may have tried to use a digit other than 0
         or 1 in a binary number.  Interpretation of the binary
         number stopped before the offending digit.

     Illegal octal digit %s ignored
         (W digit) You may have tried to use an 8 or 9 in a octal
         number.  Interpretation of the octal number stopped
         before the 8 or 9.

     Illegal hexadecimal digit %s ignored
         (W digit) You may have tried to use a character other
         than 0 - 9 or A - F, a - f in a hexadecimal number.
         Interpretation of the hexadecimal number stopped before
         the illegal character.

     Illegal number of bits in vec
         (F) The number of bits in vec() (the third argument)
         must be a power of two from 1 to 32 (or 64, if your
         platform supports that).

     Illegal switch in PERL5OPT: %s
         (X) The PERL5OPT environment variable may only be used
         to set the following switches: -[DIMUdmw].

     In string, @%s now must be written as \@%s
         (F) It used to be that Perl would try to guess whether
         you wanted an array interpolated or a literal @.  It did
         this when the string was first used at runtime.  Now
         strings are parsed at compile time, and ambiguous
         instances of @ must be disambiguated, either by
         prepending a backslash to indicate a literal, or by
         declaring (or using) the array within the program before
         the string (lexically).  (Someday it will simply assume
         that an unbackslashed @ interpolates an array.)

     Insecure dependency in %s
         (F) You tried to do something that the tainting
         mechanism didn't like.  The tainting mechanism is turned
         on when you're running setuid or setgid, or when you
         specify -T to turn it on explicitly.  The tainting
         mechanism labels all data that's derived directly or
         indirectly from the user, who is considered to be
         unworthy of your trust.  If any such data is used in a
         "dangerous" operation, you get this error.  See the
         perlsec manpage for more information.

     Insecure directory in %s
         (F) You can't use system(), exec(), or a piped open in a
         setuid or setgid script if `$ENV{PATH}' contains a
         directory that is writable by the world.  See the
         perlsec manpage.

     Insecure $ENV{%s} while running %s
         (F) You can't use system(), exec(), or a piped open in a
         setuid or setgid script if any of `$ENV{PATH}',
         `$ENV{IFS}', `$ENV{CDPATH}', `$ENV{ENV}' or
         `$ENV{BASH_ENV}' are derived from data supplied (or
         potentially supplied) by the user.  The script must set
         the path to a known value, using trustworthy data.  See
         the perlsec manpage.

     Integer overflow in %s number
         (W overflow) The hexadecimal, octal or binary number you
         have specified either as a literal or as an argument to
         hex() or oct() is too big for your architecture, and has
         been converted to a floating point number.  On a 32-bit
         architecture the largest hexadecimal, octal or binary
         number representable without overflow is 0xFFFFFFFF,
         037777777777, or 0b11111111111111111111111111111111
         respectively.  Note that Perl transparently promotes all
         numbers to a floating point representation internally--
         subject to loss of precision errors in subsequent
         operations.

     Internal inconsistency in tracking vforks
         (S) A warning peculiar to VMS.  Perl keeps track of the
         number of times you've called `fork' and `exec', to
         determine whether the current call to `exec' should
         affect the current script or a subprocess (see the exec
         LIST entry in the perlvms manpage).  Somehow, this count
         has become scrambled, so Perl is making a guess and
         treating this `exec' as a request to terminate the Perl
         script and execute the specified command.

     internal disaster in regexp
         (P) Something went badly wrong in the regular expression
         parser.

     internal urp in regexp at /%s/
         (P) Something went badly awry in the regular expression
         parser.

     Invalid %s attribute: %s
         The indicated attribute for a subroutine or variable was
         not recognized by Perl or by a user-supplied handler.
         See the attributes manpage.

     Invalid %s attributes: %s
         The indicated attributes for a subroutine or variable
         were not recognized by Perl or by a user-supplied
         handler.  See the attributes manpage.

     invalid [] range "%s" in regexp
         (F) The range specified in a character class had a
         minimum character greater than the maximum character.
         See the perlre manpage.

     Invalid conversion in %s: "%s"
         (W printf) Perl does not understand the given format
         conversion.  See the sprintf entry in the perlfunc
         manpage.

     Invalid separator character %s in attribute list
         (F) Something other than a colon or whitespace was seen
         between the elements of an attribute list.  If the
         previous attribute had a parenthesised parameter list,
         perhaps that list was terminated too soon.  See the
         attributes manpage.

     Invalid type in pack: '%s'
         (F) The given character is not a valid pack type.  See
         the pack entry in the perlfunc manpage.  (W pack) The
         given character is not a valid pack type but used to be
         silently ignored.


     Invalid type in unpack: '%s'
         (F) The given character is not a valid unpack type.  See
         the unpack entry in the perlfunc manpage.  (W unpack)
         The given character is not a valid unpack type but used
         to be silently ignored.

     ioctl is not implemented
         (F) Your machine apparently doesn't implement ioctl(),
         which is pretty strange for a machine that supports C.

     junk on end of regexp
         (P) The regular expression parser is confused.

     Label not found for "last %s"
         (F) You named a loop to break out of, but you're not
         currently in a loop of that name, not even if you count
         where you were called from.  See the last entry in the
         perlfunc manpage.

     Label not found for "next %s"
         (F) You named a loop to continue, but you're not
         currently in a loop of that name, not even if you count
         where you were called from.  See the last entry in the
         perlfunc manpage.

     Label not found for "redo %s"
         (F) You named a loop to restart, but you're not
         currently in a loop of that name, not even if you count
         where you were called from.  See the last entry in the
         perlfunc manpage.

     leaving effective %s failed
         (F) While under the `use filetest' pragma, switching the
         real and effective uids or gids failed.

     listen() on closed socket %s
         (W closed) You tried to do a listen on a closed socket.
         Did you forget to check the return value of your
         socket() call?  See the listen entry in the perlfunc
         manpage.

     Lvalue subs returning %s not implemented yet
         (F) Due to limitations in the current implementation,
         array and hash values cannot be returned in subroutines
         used in lvalue context.  See the Lvalue subroutines
         entry in the perlsub manpage.

     Method for operation %s not found in package %s during blessing
         (F) An attempt was made to specify an entry in an
         overloading table that doesn't resolve to a valid
         subroutine.  See the overload manpage.

     Method %s not permitted
         See Server error.

     Might be a runaway multi-line %s string starting on line %d
         (S) An advisory indicating that the previous error may
         have been caused by a missing delimiter on a string or
         pattern, because it eventually ended earlier on the
         current line.

     Misplaced _ in number
         (W syntax) An underline in a decimal constant wasn't on
         a 3-digit boundary.

     Missing $ on loop variable
         (F) Apparently you've been programming in csh too much.
         Variables are always mentioned with the $ in Perl,
         unlike in the shells, where it can vary from one line to
         the next.

     Missing %sbrace%s on \N{}
         (F) Wrong syntax of character name literal
         `\N{charname}' within double-quotish context.

     Missing comma after first argument to %s function
         (F) While certain functions allow you to specify a
         filehandle or an "indirect object" before the argument
         list, this ain't one of them.

     Missing command in piped open
         (W pipe) You used the `open(FH, "| command")' or
         `open(FH, "command |")' construction, but the command
         was missing or blank.

     (Missing operator before %s?)
         (S) This is an educated guess made in conjunction with
         the message "%s found where operator expected".  Often
         the missing operator is a comma.

     Missing right curly or square bracket
         (F) The lexer counted more opening curly or square
         brackets than closing ones.  As a general rule, you'll
         find it's missing near the place you were last editing.

     Modification of a read-only value attempted
         (F) You tried, directly or indirectly, to change the
         value of a constant.  You didn't, of course, try "2 =
         1", because the compiler catches that.  But an easy way
         to do the same thing is:

             sub mod { $_[0] = 1 }
             mod(2);

         Another way is to assign to a substr() that's off the
         end of the string.

     Modification of non-
         creatable array value attempted, subscript %d
         (F) You tried to make an array value spring into
         existence, and the subscript was probably negative, even
         counting from end of the array backwards.

"%s"
     Modification of non-
         creatable hash value attempted, subscript
         (P) You tried to make a hash value spring into
         existence, and it couldn't be created for some peculiar
         reason.

     Module name must be constant
         (F) Only a bare module name is allowed as the first
         argument to a "use".

     msg%s not implemented
         (F) You don't have System V message IPC on your system.

     Multidimensional syntax %s not supported
         (W syntax) Multidimensional arrays aren't written like
         `$foo[1,2,3]'.  They're written like `$foo[1][2][3]', as
         in C.

     Missing name in "my sub"
         (F) The reserved syntax for lexically scoped subroutines
         requires that they have a name with which they can be
         found.

     Name "%s::%s" used only once: possible typo
         (W once) Typographical errors often show up as unique
         variable names.  If you had a good reason for having a
         unique name, then just mention it again somehow to
         suppress the message.  The `our' declaration is provided
         for this purpose.

     Negative length
         (F) You tried to do a read/write/send/recv operation
         with a buffer length that is less than 0.  This is
         difficult to imagine.

     nested *?+ in regexp
         (F) You can't quantify a quantifier without intervening
         parentheses.  So things like ** or +* or ?* are illegal.

         Note, however, that the minimal matching quantifiers,
         `*?', `+?', and `??' appear to be nested quantifiers,
         but aren't.  See the perlre manpage.

     No #! line
         (F) The setuid emulator requires that scripts have a
         well-formed #! line even on machines that don't support
         the #! construct.

     No %s allowed while running setuid
         (F) Certain operations are deemed to be too insecure for
         a setuid or setgid script to even be allowed to attempt.
         Generally speaking there will be another way to do what
         you want that is, if not secure, at least securable.
         See the perlsec manpage.

     No -e allowed in setuid scripts
         (F) A setuid script can't be specified by the user.

     No %s specified for -%c
         (F) The indicated command line switch needs a mandatory
         argument, but you haven't specified one.

     No comma allowed after %s
         (F) A list operator that has a filehandle or "indirect
         object" is not allowed to have a comma between that and
         the following arguments.  Otherwise it'd be just another
         one of the arguments.

         One possible cause for this is that you expected to have
         imported a constant to your name space with use or
         import while no such importing took place, it may for
         example be that your operating system does not support
         that particular constant. Hopefully you did use an
         explicit import list for the constants you expect to
         see, please see the use entry in the perlfunc manpage
         and the import entry in the perlfunc manpage. While an
         explicit import list would probably have caught this
         error earlier it naturally does not remedy the fact that
         your operating system still does not support that
         constant. Maybe you have a typo in the constants of the
         symbol import list of use or import or in the constant
         name at the line where this error was triggered?

     No command into which to pipe on command line
         (F) An error peculiar to VMS.  Perl handles its own
         command line redirection, and found a '|' at the end of
         the command line, so it doesn't know where you want to
         pipe the output from this command.

     No DB::DB routine defined
         (F) The currently executing code was compiled with the
         -d switch, but for some reason the perl5db.pl file (or
         some facsimile thereof) didn't define a routine to be
         called at the beginning of each statement.  Which is
         odd, because the file should have been required
         automatically, and should have blown up the require if
         it didn't parse right.

     No dbm on this machine
         (P) This is counted as an internal error, because every
         machine should supply dbm nowadays, because Perl comes
         with SDBM.  See the SDBM_File manpage.

     No DBsub routine
         (F) The currently executing code was compiled with the
         -d switch, but for some reason the perl5db.pl file (or
         some facsimile thereof) didn't define a DB::sub routine
         to be called at the beginning of each ordinary
         subroutine call.

     No error file after 2> or 2>> on command line
         (F) An error peculiar to VMS.  Perl handles its own
         command line redirection, and found a '2>' or a '2>>' on
         the command line, but can't find the name of the file to
         which to write data destined for stderr.

     No input file after < on command line
         (F) An error peculiar to VMS.  Perl handles its own
         command line redirection, and found a '<' on the command
         line, but can't find the name of the file from which to
         read data for stdin.

     No output file after > on command line
         (F) An error peculiar to VMS.  Perl handles its own
         command line redirection, and found a lone '>' at the
         end of the command line, so it doesn't know where you
         wanted to redirect stdout.

     No output file after > or >> on command line
         (F) An error peculiar to VMS.  Perl handles its own
         command line redirection, and found a '>' or a '>>' on
         the command line, but can't find the name of the file to
         which to write data destined for stdout.

     No package name allowed for variable %s in "our"
         (F) Fully qualified variable names are not allowed in
         "our" declarations, because that doesn't make much sense
         under existing semantics.  Such syntax is reserved for
         future extensions.

     No Perl script found in input
         (F) You called `perl -x', but no line was found in the
         file beginning with #! and containing the word "perl".

     No setregid available
         (F) Configure didn't find anything resembling the
         setregid() call for your system.

     No setreuid available
         (F) Configure didn't find anything resembling the
         setreuid() call for your system.

     No space allowed after -%c
         (F) The argument to the indicated command line switch
         must follow immediately after the switch, without
         intervening spaces.

     No such pseudo-hash field "%s"
         (F) You tried to access an array as a hash, but the
         field name used is not defined.  The hash at index 0
         should map all valid field names to array indices for
         that to work.

     No such pseudo-hash field "%s" in variable %s of type %s
         (F) You tried to access a field of a typed variable
         where the type does not know about the field name.  The
         field names are looked up in the %FIELDS hash in the
         type package at compile time.  The %FIELDS hash is
         usually set up with the 'fields' pragma.

     No such pipe open
         (P) An error peculiar to VMS.  The internal routine
         my_pclose() tried to close a pipe which hadn't been
         opened.  This should have been caught earlier as an
         attempt to close an unopened filehandle.

     No such signal: SIG%s
         (W signal) You specified a signal name as a subscript to
         %SIG that was not recognized.  Say `kill -l' in your
         shell to see the valid signal names on your system.

     no UTC offset information; assuming local time is UTC
         (S) A warning peculiar to VMS.  Perl was unable to find
         the local timezone offset, so it's assuming that local
         system time is equivalent to UTC.  If it's not, define
         the logical name SYS$TIMEZONE_DIFFERENTIAL to translate
         to the number of seconds which need to be added to UTC
         to get local time.

     Not a CODE reference
         (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a code
         value (that is, a subroutine), but found a reference to
         something else instead.  You can use the ref() function
         to find out what kind of ref it really was.  See also
         the perlref manpage.

     Not a format reference
         (F) I'm not sure how you managed to generate a reference
         to an anonymous format, but this indicates you did, and
         that it didn't exist.

     Not a GLOB reference
         (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a
         "typeglob" (that is, a symbol table entry that looks
         like `*foo'), but found a reference to something else
         instead.  You can use the ref() function to find out
         what kind of ref it really was.  See the perlref
         manpage.

     Not a HASH reference
         (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a hash
         value, but found a reference to something else instead.
         You can use the ref() function to find out what kind of
         ref it really was.  See the perlref manpage.

     Not a perl script
         (F) The setuid emulator requires that scripts have a
         well-formed #! line even on machines that don't support
         the #! construct.  The line must mention perl.

     Not a SCALAR reference
         (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a scalar
         value, but found a reference to something else instead.
         You can use the ref() function to find out what kind of
         ref it really was.  See the perlref manpage.

     Not a subroutine reference
         (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a code
         value (that is, a subroutine), but found a reference to
         something else instead.  You can use the ref() function
         to find out what kind of ref it really was.  See also
         the perlref manpage.

     Not a subroutine reference in overload table
         (F) An attempt was made to specify an entry in an
         overloading table that doesn't somehow point to a valid
         subroutine.  See the overload manpage.

     Not an ARRAY reference
         (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to an array
         value, but found a reference to something else instead.
         You can use the ref() function to find out what kind of
         ref it really was.  See the perlref manpage.

     Not enough arguments for %s
         (F) The function requires more arguments than you
         specified.

     Not enough format arguments
         (W syntax) A format specified more picture fields than
         the next line supplied.  See the perlform manpage.


     Null filename used
         (F) You can't require the null filename, especially
         because on many machines that means the current
         directory!  See the require entry in the perlfunc
         manpage.

     Null picture in formline
         (F) The first argument to formline must be a valid
         format picture specification.  It was found to be empty,
         which probably means you supplied it an uninitialized
         value.  See the perlform manpage.

     NULL OP IN RUN
         (P debugging) Some internal routine called run() with a
         null opcode pointer.

     Null realloc
         (P) An attempt was made to realloc NULL.

     NULL regexp argument
         (P) The internal pattern matching routines blew it big
         time.

     NULL regexp parameter
         (P) The internal pattern matching routines are out of
         their gourd.

     Number too long
         (F) Perl limits the representation of decimal numbers in
         programs to about about 250 characters.  You've exceeded
         that length.  Future versions of Perl are likely to
         eliminate this arbitrary limitation.  In the meantime,
         try using scientific notation (e.g. "1e6" instead of
         "1_000_000").

     Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable
         (W portable) The octal number you specified is larger
         than 2**32-1 (4294967295) and therefore non-portable
         between systems.  See the perlport manpage for more on
         portability concerns.

         See also the perlport manpage for writing portable code.

     Octal number in vector unsupported
         (F) Numbers with a leading `0' are not currently allowed
         in vectors.  The octal number interpretation of such
         numbers may be supported in a future version.

     Odd number of elements in hash assignment
         (W misc) You specified an odd number of elements to
         initialize a hash, which is odd, because hashes come in
         key/value pairs.

     Offset outside string
         (F) You tried to do a read/write/send/recv operation
         with an offset pointing outside the buffer.  This is
         difficult to imagine.  The sole exception to this is
         that `sysread()'ing past the buffer will extend the
         buffer and zero pad the new area.

     oops: oopsAV
         (S internal) An internal warning that the grammar is
         screwed up.

     oops: oopsHV
         (S internal) An internal warning that the grammar is
         screwed up.

     Operation `%s': no method found, %s
         (F) An attempt was made to perform an overloaded
         operation for which no handler was defined.  While some
         handlers can be autogenerated in terms of other
         handlers, there is no default handler for any operation,
         unless `fallback' overloading key is specified to be
         true.  See the overload manpage.

     Operator or semicolon missing before %s
         (S ambiguous) You used a variable or subroutine call
         where the parser was expecting an operator.  The parser
         has assumed you really meant to use an operator, but
         this is highly likely to be incorrect.  For example, if
         you say "*foo *foo" it will be interpreted as if you
         said "*foo * 'foo'".

     Out of memory!
         (X) The malloc() function returned 0, indicating there
         was insufficient remaining memory (or virtual memory) to
         satisfy the request.  Perl has no option but to exit
         immediately.

     Out of memory for yacc stack
         (F) The yacc parser wanted to grow its stack so it could
         continue parsing, but realloc() wouldn't give it more
         memory, virtual or otherwise.

     Out of memory during request for %s
         (X|F) The malloc() function returned 0, indicating there
         was insufficient remaining memory (or virtual memory) to
         satisfy the request.

         The request was judged to be small, so the possibility
         to trap it depends on the way perl was compiled.  By
         default it is not trappable.  However, if compiled for
         this, Perl may use the contents of `$^M' as an emergency
         pool after die()ing with this message.  In this case the
         error is trappable once.

     Out of memory during "large" request for %s
         (F) The malloc() function returned 0, indicating there
         was insufficient remaining memory (or virtual memory) to
         satisfy the request. However, the request was judged
         large enough (compile-time default is 64K), so a
         possibility to shut down by trapping this error is
         granted.

     Out of memory during ridiculously large request
         (F) You can't allocate more than 2^31+"small amount"
         bytes.  This error is most likely to be caused by a typo
         in the Perl program. e.g., `$arr[time]' instead of
         `$arr[$time]'.

     page overflow
         (W io) A single call to write() produced more lines than
         can fit on a page.  See the perlform manpage.

     panic: ck_grep
         (P) Failed an internal consistency check trying to
         compile a grep.

     panic: ck_split
         (P) Failed an internal consistency check trying to
         compile a split.

     panic: corrupt saved stack index
         (P) The savestack was requested to restore more
         localized values than there are in the savestack.

     panic: del_backref
         (P) Failed an internal consistency check while trying to
         reset a weak reference.

     panic: die %s
         (P) We popped the context stack to an eval context, and
         then discovered it wasn't an eval context.

     panic: do_match
         (P) The internal pp_match() routine was called with
         invalid operational data.

     panic: do_split
         (P) Something terrible went wrong in setting up for the
         split.

     panic: do_subst
         (P) The internal pp_subst() routine was called with
         invalid operational data.

     panic: do_trans
         (P) The internal do_trans() routine was called with
         invalid operational data.

     panic: frexp
         (P) The library function frexp() failed, making
         printf("%f") impossible.

     panic: goto
         (P) We popped the context stack to a context with the
         specified label, and then discovered it wasn't a context
         we know how to do a goto in.

     panic: INTERPCASEMOD
         (P) The lexer got into a bad state at a case modifier.

     panic: INTERPCONCAT
         (P) The lexer got into a bad state parsing a string with
         brackets.

     panic: kid popen errno read
         (F) forked child returned an incomprehensible message
         about its errno.

     panic: last
         (P) We popped the context stack to a block context, and
         then discovered it wasn't a block context.

     panic: leave_scope clearsv
         (P) A writable lexical variable became read-only somehow
         within the scope.

     panic: leave_scope inconsistency
         (P) The savestack probably got out of sync.  At least,
         there was an invalid enum on the top of it.

     panic: malloc
         (P) Something requested a negative number of bytes of
         malloc.

     panic: magic_killbackrefs
         (P) Failed an internal consistency check while trying to
         reset all weak references to an object.

     panic: mapstart
         (P) The compiler is screwed up with respect to the map()
         function.

     panic: null array
         (P) One of the internal array routines was passed a null
         AV pointer.

     panic: pad_alloc
         (P) The compiler got confused about which scratch pad it
         was allocating and freeing temporaries and lexicals
         from.

     panic: pad_free curpad
         (P) The compiler got confused about which scratch pad it
         was allocating and freeing temporaries and lexicals
         from.

     panic: pad_free po
         (P) An invalid scratch pad offset was detected
         internally.

     panic: pad_reset curpad
         (P) The compiler got confused about which scratch pad it
         was allocating and freeing temporaries and lexicals
         from.

     panic: pad_sv po
         (P) An invalid scratch pad offset was detected
         internally.

     panic: pad_swipe curpad
         (P) The compiler got confused about which scratch pad it
         was allocating and freeing temporaries and lexicals
         from.

     panic: pad_swipe po
         (P) An invalid scratch pad offset was detected
         internally.

     panic: pp_iter
         (P) The foreach iterator got called in a non-loop
         context frame.

     panic: realloc
         (P) Something requested a negative number of bytes of
         realloc.

     panic: restartop
         (P) Some internal routine requested a goto (or something
         like it), and didn't supply the destination.

     panic: return
         (P) We popped the context stack to a subroutine or eval
         context, and then discovered it wasn't a subroutine or
         eval context.

     panic: scan_num
         (P) scan_num() got called on something that wasn't a
         number.

     panic: sv_insert
         (P) The sv_insert() routine was told to remove more
         string than there was string.

     panic: top_env
         (P) The compiler attempted to do a goto, or something
         weird like that.

     panic: yylex
         (P) The lexer got into a bad state while processing a
         case modifier.

     panic: %s
         (P) An internal error.

     Parentheses missing around "%s" list
         (W parenthesis) You said something like

             my $foo, $bar = @_;

         when you meant

             my ($foo, $bar) = @_;

         Remember that "my", "our", and "local" bind tighter than
         comma.

     Perl %3.3f required--this is only version %s, stopped
         (F) The module in question uses features of a version of
         Perl more recent than the currently running version.
         How long has it been since you upgraded, anyway?  See
         the require entry in the perlfunc manpage.

     Permission denied
         (F) The setuid emulator in suidperl decided you were up
         to no good.

     pid %x not a child
         (W exec) A warning peculiar to VMS.  Waitpid() was asked
         to wait for a process which isn't a subprocess of the
         current process.  While this is fine from VMS'
         perspective, it's probably not what you intended.

     POSIX getpgrp can't take an argument
         (F) Your system has POSIX getpgrp(), which takes no
         argument, unlike the BSD version, which takes a pid.

     Possible Y2K bug: %s
         (W y2k) You are concatenating the number 19 with another
         number, which could be a potential Year 2000 problem.


     Possible attempt to put comments in qw() list
         (W qw) qw() lists contain items separated by whitespace;
         as with literal strings, comment characters are not
         ignored, but are instead treated as literal data.  (You
         may have used different delimiters than the parentheses
         shown here; braces are also frequently used.)

         You probably wrote something like this:

             @list = qw(
                 a # a comment
                 b # another comment
             );

         when you should have written this:

             @list = qw(
                 a
                 b
             );

         If you really want comments, build your list the old-
         fashioned way, with quotes and commas:

             @list = (
                 'a',    # a comment
                 'b',    # another comment
             );


     Possible attempt to separate words with commas
         (W qw) qw() lists contain items separated by whitespace;
         therefore commas aren't needed to separate the items.
         (You may have used different delimiters than the
         parentheses shown here; braces are also frequently
         used.)

         You probably wrote something like this:

             qw! a, b, c !;

         which puts literal commas into some of the list items.
         Write it without commas if you don't want them to appear
         in your data:

             qw! a b c !;


     Possible memory corruption: %s overflowed 3rd argument
         (F) An ioctl() or fcntl() returned more than Perl was
         bargaining for.  Perl guesses a reasonable buffer size,
         but puts a sentinel byte at the end of the buffer just
         in case.  This sentinel byte got clobbered, and Perl
         assumes that memory is now corrupted.  See the ioctl
         entry in the perlfunc manpage.

     pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS" instead
         (W deprecated) You have written somehing like this:

             sub doit
             {
                 use attrs qw(locked);
             }

         You should use the new declaration syntax instead.

             sub doit : locked
             {
                 ...

         The `use attrs' pragma is now obsolete, and is only
         provided for backward-compatibility. See the Subroutine
         Attributes entry in the perlsub manpage.

     Precedence problem: open %s should be open(%s)
         (S precedence) The old irregular construct

             open FOO || die;

         is now misinterpreted as

             open(FOO || die);

         because of the strict regularization of Perl 5's grammar
         into unary and list operators.  (The old open was a
         little of both.)  You must put parentheses around the
         filehandle, or use the new "or" operator instead of
         "||".

     Premature end of script headers
         See Server error.

     print() on closed filehandle %s
         (W closed) The filehandle you're printing on got itself
         closed sometime before now.  Check your logic flow.

     printf() on closed filehandle %s
         (W closed) The filehandle you're writing to got itself
         closed sometime before now.  Check your logic flow.

     Prototype mismatch: %s vs %s
         (S unsafe) The subroutine being declared or defined had
         previously been declared or defined with a different
         function prototype.

     Range iterator outside integer range
         (F) One (or both) of the numeric arguments to the range
         operator ".."  are outside the range which can be
         represented by integers internally.  One possible
         workaround is to force Perl to use magical string
         increment by prepending "0" to your numbers.

     readline() on closed filehandle %s
         (W closed) The filehandle you're reading from got itself
         closed sometime before now.  Check your logic flow.

     realloc() of freed memory ignored
         (S malloc) An internal routine called realloc() on
         something that had already been freed.

     Reallocation too large: %lx
         (F) You can't allocate more than 64K on an MS-DOS
         machine.

     Recompile perl with -DDEBUGGING to use -D switch
         (F debugging) You can't use the -D option unless the
         code to produce the desired output is compiled into
         Perl, which entails some overhead, which is why it's
         currently left out of your copy.

     Recursive inheritance detected in package '%s'
         (F) More than 100 levels of inheritance were used.
         Probably indicates an unintended loop in your
         inheritance hierarchy.

package '%s'
     Recursive inheritance detected while looking for method '%s' in
         (F) More than 100 levels of inheritance were encountered
         while invoking a method.  Probably indicates an
         unintended loop in your inheritance hierarchy.

     Reference found where even-sized list expected
         (W misc) You gave a single reference where Perl was
         expecting a list with an even number of elements (for
         assignment to a hash). This usually means that you used
         the anon hash constructor when you meant to use parens.
         In any case, a hash requires key/value pairs.

             %hash = { one => 1, two => 2, };    # WRONG
             %hash = [ qw/ an anon array / ];    # WRONG
             %hash = ( one => 1, two => 2, );    # right
             %hash = qw( one 1 two 2 );                  # also fine


     Reference is already weak
         (W misc) You have attempted to weaken a reference that
         is already weak.  Doing so has no effect.

     Reference miscount in sv_replace()
         (W internal) The internal sv_replace() function was
         handed a new SV with a reference count of other than 1.

     regexp *+ operand could be empty
         (F) The part of the regexp subject to either the * or +
         quantifier could match an empty string.

     regexp memory corruption
         (P) The regular expression engine got confused by what
         the regular expression compiler gave it.

     regexp out of space
         (P) A "can't happen" error, because safemalloc() should
         have caught it earlier.

     Repeat count in pack overflows
         (F) You can't specify a repeat count so large that it
         overflows your signed integers.  See the pack entry in
         the perlfunc manpage.

     Repeat count in unpack overflows
         (F) You can't specify a repeat count so large that it
         overflows your signed integers.  See the unpack entry in
         the perlfunc manpage.

     Reversed %s= operator
         (W syntax) You wrote your assignment operator backwards.
         The = must always comes last, to avoid ambiguity with
         subsequent unary operators.

     Runaway format
         (F) Your format contained the ~~ repeat-until-blank
         sequence, but it produced 200 lines at once, and the
         200th line looked exactly like the 199th line.
         Apparently you didn't arrange for the arguments to
         exhaust themselves, either by using ^ instead of @ (for
         scalar variables), or by shifting or popping (for array
         variables).  See the perlform manpage.

     Scalar value @%s[%s] better written as $%s[%s]
         (W syntax) You've used an array slice (indicated by @)
         to select a single element of an array.  Generally it's
         better to ask for a scalar value (indicated by $).  The
         difference is that `$foo[&bar]' always behaves like a
         scalar, both when assigning to it and when evaluating
         its argument, while `@foo[&bar]' behaves like a list
         when you assign to it, and provides a list context to
         its subscript, which can do weird things if you're
         expecting only one subscript.

         On the other hand, if you were actually hoping to treat
         the array element as a list, you need to look into how
         references work, because Perl will not magically convert
         between scalars and lists for you.  See the perlref
         manpage.

     Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}
         (W syntax) You've used a hash slice (indicated by @) to
         select a single element of a hash.  Generally it's
         better to ask for a scalar value (indicated by $).  The
         difference is that `$foo{&bar}' always behaves like a
         scalar, both when assigning to it and when evaluating
         its argument, while `@foo{&bar}' behaves like a list
         when you assign to it, and provides a list context to
         its subscript, which can do weird things if you're
         expecting only one subscript.

         On the other hand, if you were actually hoping to treat
         the hash element as a list, you need to look into how
         references work, because Perl will not magically convert
         between scalars and lists for you.  See the perlref
         manpage.

     Script is not setuid/setgid in suidperl
         (F) Oddly, the suidperl program was invoked on a script
         without a setuid or setgid bit set.  This doesn't make
         much sense.

     Search pattern not terminated
         (F) The lexer couldn't find the final delimiter of a //
         or m{} construct.  Remember that bracketing delimiters
         count nesting level.  Missing the leading `$' from a
         variable `$m' may cause this error.

     %sseek() on unopened file
         (W unopened) You tried to use the seek() or sysseek()
         function on a filehandle that was either never opened or
         has since been closed.

     select not implemented
         (F) This machine doesn't implement the select() system
         call.

     sem%s not implemented
         (F) You don't have System V semaphore IPC on your
         system.

     semi-panic: attempt to dup freed string
         (S internal) The internal newSVsv() routine was called
         to duplicate a scalar that had previously been marked as
         free.


     Semicolon seems to be missing
         (W semicolon) A nearby syntax error was probably caused
         by a missing semicolon, or possibly some other missing
         operator, such as a comma.

     send() on closed socket %s
         (W closed) The socket you're sending to got itself
         closed sometime before now.  Check your logic flow.

     Sequence (? incomplete
         (F) A regular expression ended with an incomplete
         extension (?.  See the perlre manpage.

     Sequence (?#... not terminated
         (F) A regular expression comment must be terminated by a
         closing parenthesis.  Embedded parentheses aren't
         allowed.  See the perlre manpage.

     Sequence (?%s...) not implemented
         (F) A proposed regular expression extension has the
         character reserved but has not yet been written.  See
         the perlre manpage.

     Sequence (?%s...) not recognized
         (F) You used a regular expression extension that doesn't
         make sense.  See the perlre manpage.

     Server error
         This is the error message generally seen in a browser
         window when trying to run a CGI program (including SSI)
         over the web. The actual error text varies widely from
         server to server. The most frequently-seen variants are
         "500 Server error", "Method (something) not permitted",
         "Document contains no data", "Premature end of script
         headers", and "Did not produce a valid header".

         This is a CGI error, not a Perl error.

         You need to make sure your script is executable, is
         accessible by the user CGI is running the script under
         (which is probably not the user account you tested it
         under), does not rely on any environment variables (like
         PATH) from the user it isn't running under, and isn't in
         a location where the CGI server can't find it,
         basically, more or less.  Please see the following for
         more information:

                 http://www.perl.com/CPAN/doc/FAQs/cgi/idiots-guide.html
                 http://www.perl.com/CPAN/doc/FAQs/cgi/perl-cgi-faq.html
                 ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/news.answers/www/cgi-faq
                 http://hoohoo.ncsa.uiuc.edu/cgi/interface.html
                 http://www-genome.wi.mit.edu/WWW/faqs/www-security-faq.html

         You should also look at the perlfaq9 manpage.

     setegid() not implemented
         (F) You tried to assign to `$)', and your operating
         system doesn't support the setegid() system call (or
         equivalent), or at least Configure didn't think so.

     seteuid() not implemented
         (F) You tried to assign to `$>', and your operating
         system doesn't support the seteuid() system call (or
         equivalent), or at least Configure didn't think so.

     setpgrp can't take arguments
         (F) Your system has the setpgrp() from BSD 4.2, which
         takes no arguments, unlike POSIX setpgid(), which takes
         a process ID and process group ID.

     setrgid() not implemented
         (F) You tried to assign to `$(', and your operating
         system doesn't support the setrgid() system call (or
         equivalent), or at least Configure didn't think so.

     setruid() not implemented
         (F) You tried to assign to `$<', and your operating
         system doesn't support the setruid() system call (or
         equivalent), or at least Configure didn't think so.

     Setuid/gid script is writable by world
         (F) The setuid emulator won't run a script that is
         writable by the world, because the world might have
         written on it already.

     shm%s not implemented
         (F) You don't have System V shared memory IPC on your
         system.

     shutdown() on closed socket %s
         (W closed) You tried to do a shutdown on a closed
         socket.  Seems a bit superfluous.

     SIG%s handler "%s" not defined
         (W signal) The signal handler named in %SIG doesn't, in
         fact, exist.  Perhaps you put it into the wrong package?

     sort is now a reserved word
         (F) An ancient error message that almost nobody ever
         runs into anymore.  But before sort was a keyword,
         people sometimes used it as a filehandle.

     Sort subroutine didn't return a numeric value
         (F) A sort comparison routine must return a number.  You
         probably blew it by not using `<=>' or `cmp', or by not
         using them correctly.  See the sort entry in the
         perlfunc manpage.

     Sort subroutine didn't return single value
         (F) A sort comparison subroutine may not return a list
         value with more or less than one element.  See the sort
         entry in the perlfunc manpage.

     Split loop
         (P) The split was looping infinitely.  (Obviously, a
         split shouldn't iterate more times than there are
         characters of input, which is what happened.)  See the
         split entry in the perlfunc manpage.

     Stat on unopened file <%s>
         (W unopened) You tried to use the stat() function (or an
         equivalent file test) on a filehandle that was either
         never opened or has since been closed.

     Statement unlikely to be reached
         (W exec) You did an exec() with some statement after it
         other than a die().  This is almost always an error,
         because exec() never returns unless there was a failure.
         You probably wanted to use system() instead, which does
         return.  To suppress this warning, put the exec() in a
         block by itself.

     Strange *+?{} on zero-length expression
         (W regexp) You applied a regular expression quantifier
         in a place where it makes no sense, such as on a zero-
         width assertion.  Try putting the quantifier inside the
         assertion instead.  For example, the way to match "abc"
         provided that it is followed by three repetitions of
         "xyz" is `/abc(?=(?:xyz){3})/', not `/abc(?=xyz){3}/'.

package `%s'
     Stub found while resolving method `%s' overloading `%s' in
         (P) Overloading resolution over @ISA tree may be broken
         by importation stubs.  Stubs should never be implicitely
         created, but explicit calls to `can' may break this.

     Subroutine %s redefined
         (W redefine) You redefined a subroutine.  To suppress
         this warning, say

             {
                 no warnings;
                 eval "sub name { ... }";
             }



     Substitution loop
         (P) The substitution was looping infinitely.
         (Obviously, a substitution shouldn't iterate more times
         than there are characters of input, which is what
         happened.)  See the discussion of substitution in the
         Quote and Quote-like Operators entry in the perlop
         manpage.

     Substitution pattern not terminated
         (F) The lexer couldn't find the interior delimiter of a
         s/// or s{}{} construct.  Remember that bracketing
         delimiters count nesting level.  Missing the leading `$'
         from variable `$s' may cause this error.

     Substitution replacement not terminated
         (F) The lexer couldn't find the final delimiter of a
         s/// or s{}{} construct.  Remember that bracketing
         delimiters count nesting level.  Missing the leading `$'
         from variable `$s' may cause this error.

     substr outside of string
         (W substr),(F) You tried to reference a substr() that
         pointed outside of a string.  That is, the absolute
         value of the offset was larger than the length of the
         string.  See the substr entry in the perlfunc manpage.
         This warning is fatal if substr is used in an lvalue
         context (as the left hand side of an assignment or as a
         subroutine argument for example).

     suidperl is no longer needed since %s
         (F) Your Perl was compiled with
         -DSETUID_SCRIPTS_ARE_SECURE_NOW, but a version of the
         setuid emulator somehow got run anyway.

     switching effective %s is not implemented
         (F) While under the `use filetest' pragma, we cannot
         switch the real and effective uids or gids.

     syntax error
         (F) Probably means you had a syntax error.  Common
         reasons include:

             A keyword is misspelled.
             A semicolon is missing.
             A comma is missing.
             An opening or closing parenthesis is missing.
             An opening or closing brace is missing.
             A closing quote is missing.

         Often there will be another error message associated
         with the syntax error giving more information.
         (Sometimes it helps to turn on -w.)  The error message
         itself often tells you where it was in the line when it
         decided to give up.  Sometimes the actual error is
         several tokens before this, because Perl is good at
         understanding random input.  Occasionally the line
         number may be misleading, and once in a blue moon the
         only way to figure out what's triggering the error is to
         call `perl -c' repeatedly, chopping away half the
         program each time to see if the error went away.  Sort
         of the cybernetic version of 20 questions.

     syntax error at line %d: `%s' unexpected
         (A) You've accidentally run your script through the
         Bourne shell instead of Perl.  Check the #! line, or
         manually feed your script into Perl yourself.

     System V %s is not implemented on this machine
         (F) You tried to do something with a function beginning
         with "sem", "shm", or "msg" but that System V IPC is not
         implemented in your machine.  In some machines the
         functionality can exist but be unconfigured.  Consult
         your system support.

     syswrite() on closed filehandle %s
         (W closed) The filehandle you're writing to got itself
         closed sometime before now.  Check your logic flow.

     Target of goto is too deeply nested
         (F) You tried to use `goto' to reach a label that was
         too deeply nested for Perl to reach.  Perl is doing you
         a favor by refusing.

     tell() on unopened file
         (W unopened) You tried to use the tell() function on a
         filehandle that was either never opened or has since
         been closed.

     Test on unopened file <%s>
         (W unopened) You tried to invoke a file test operator on
         a filehandle that isn't open.  Check your logic.  See
         also the section on "-X" in the perlfunc manpage.

     That use of $[ is unsupported
         (F) Assignment to `$[' is now strictly circumscribed,
         and interpreted as a compiler directive.  You may say
         only one of

             $[ = 0;
             $[ = 1;
             ...
             local $[ = 0;
             local $[ = 1;
             ...

         This is to prevent the problem of one module changing
         the array base out from under another module
         inadvertently.  See the section on "$[" in the perlvar
         manpage.

     The %s function is unimplemented
         The function indicated isn't implemented on this
         architecture, according to the probings of Configure.

     The crypt() function is unimplemented due to excessive paranoia
         (F) Configure couldn't find the crypt() function on your
         machine, probably because your vendor didn't supply it,
         probably because they think the U.S. Government thinks
         it's a secret, or at least that they will continue to
         pretend that it is.  And if you quote me on that, I will
         deny it.

     The stat preceding `-l _' wasn't an lstat
         (F) It makes no sense to test the current stat buffer
         for symbolic linkhood if the last stat that wrote to the
         stat buffer already went past the symlink to get to the
         real file.  Use an actual filename instead.

     This Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s)

     This Perl can't set CRTL environ elements (%s=%s)
         (W internal) Warnings peculiar to VMS.  You tried to
         change or delete an element of the CRTL's internal
         environ array, but your copy of Perl wasn't built with a
         CRTL that contained the setenv() function.  You'll need
         to rebuild Perl with a CRTL that does, or redefine
         PERL_ENV_TABLES (see the perlvms manpage) so that the
         environ array isn't the target of the change to %ENV
         which produced the warning.

     times not implemented
         (F) Your version of the C library apparently doesn't do
         times().  I suspect you're not running on Unix.

     Too few args to syscall
         (F) There has to be at least one argument to syscall()
         to specify the system call to call, silly dilly.

     Too late for "-T" option
         (X) The #! line (or local equivalent) in a Perl script
         contains the -T option, but Perl was not invoked with -T
         in its command line.  This is an error because, by the
         time Perl discovers a -T in a script, it's too late to
         properly taint everything from the environment.  So Perl
         gives up.

         If the Perl script is being executed as a command using
         the #!  mechanism (or its local equivalent), this error
         can usually be fixed by editing the #! line so that the
         -T option is a part of Perl's first argument: e.g.
         change `perl -n -T' to `perl -T -n'.

         If the Perl script is being executed as `perl
         scriptname', then the -T option must appear on the
         command line: `perl -T scriptname'.

     Too late for "-%s" option
         (X) The #! line (or local equivalent) in a Perl script
         contains the -M or -m option.  This is an error because
         -M and -m options are not intended for use inside
         scripts.  Use the `use' pragma instead.

     Too late to run %s block
         (W void) A CHECK or INIT block is being defined during
         run time proper, when the opportunity to run them has
         already passed.  Perhaps you are loading a file with
         `require' or `do' when you should be using `use'
         instead.  Or perhaps you should put the `require' or
         `do' inside a BEGIN block.

     Too many ('s

     Too many )'s
         (A) You've accidentally run your script through csh
         instead of Perl.  Check the #! line, or manually feed
         your script into Perl yourself.

     Too many args to syscall
         (F) Perl supports a maximum of only 14 args to
         syscall().

     Too many arguments for %s
         (F) The function requires fewer arguments than you
         specified.

     trailing \ in regexp
         (F) The regular expression ends with an unbackslashed
         backslash.  Backslash it.   See the perlre manpage.

     Transliteration pattern not terminated
         (F) The lexer couldn't find the interior delimiter of a
         tr/// or tr[][] or y/// or y[][] construct.  Missing the
         leading `$' from variables `$tr' or `$y' may cause this
         error.

     Transliteration replacement not terminated
         (F) The lexer couldn't find the final delimiter of a
         tr/// or tr[][] construct.

     truncate not implemented
         (F) Your machine doesn't implement a file truncation
         mechanism that Configure knows about.

     Type of arg %d to %s must be %s (not %s)
         (F) This function requires the argument in that position
         to be of a certain type.  Arrays must be @NAME or
         `@{EXPR}'.  Hashes must be %NAME or `%{EXPR}'.  No
         implicit dereferencing is allowed--use the {EXPR} forms
         as an explicit dereference.  See the perlref manpage.

     umask: argument is missing initial 0
         (W umask) A umask of 222 is incorrect.  It should be
         0222, because octal literals always start with 0 in
         Perl, as in C.

     umask not implemented
         (F) Your machine doesn't implement the umask function
         and you tried to use it to restrict permissions for
         yourself (EXPR & 0700).

     Unable to create sub named "%s"
         (F) You attempted to create or access a subroutine with
         an illegal name.

     Unbalanced context: %d more PUSHes than POPs
         (W internal) The exit code detected an internal
         inconsistency in how many execution contexts were
         entered and left.

     Unbalanced saves: %d more saves than restores
         (W internal) The exit code detected an internal
         inconsistency in how many values were temporarily
         localized.

     Unbalanced scopes: %d more ENTERs than LEAVEs
         (W internal) The exit code detected an internal
         inconsistency in how many blocks were entered and left.

     Unbalanced tmps: %d more allocs than frees
         (W internal) The exit code detected an internal
         inconsistency in how many mortal scalars were allocated
         and freed.

     Undefined format "%s" called
         (F) The format indicated doesn't seem to exist.  Perhaps
         it's really in another package?  See the perlform
         manpage.

     Undefined sort subroutine "%s" called
         (F) The sort comparison routine specified doesn't seem
         to exist.  Perhaps it's in a different package?  See the
         sort entry in the perlfunc manpage.

     Undefined subroutine &%s called
         (F) The subroutine indicated hasn't been defined, or if
         it was, it has since been undefined.

     Undefined subroutine called
         (F) The anonymous subroutine you're trying to call
         hasn't been defined, or if it was, it has since been
         undefined.

     Undefined subroutine in sort
         (F) The sort comparison routine specified is declared
         but doesn't seem to have been defined yet.  See the sort
         entry in the perlfunc manpage.

     Undefined top format "%s" called
         (F) The format indicated doesn't seem to exist.  Perhaps
         it's really in another package?  See the perlform
         manpage.

     Undefined value assigned to typeglob
         (W misc) An undefined value was assigned to a typeglob,
         a la `*foo = undef'.  This does nothing.  It's possible
         that you really mean `undef *foo'.

     unexec of %s into %s failed!
         (F) The unexec() routine failed for some reason.  See
         your local FSF representative, who probably put it there
         in the first place.

     Unknown BYTEORDER
         (F) There are no byte-swapping functions for a machine
         with this byte order.

     Unknown open() mode '%s'
         (F) The second argument of 3-argument open() is not
         among the list of valid modes: `<', `>', `>>', `+<',
         `+>', `+>>', `-|', `|-'.

     Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s
         (P) An error peculiar to VMS.  Perl was reading values
         for %ENV before iterating over it, and someone else
         stuck a message in the stream of data Perl expected.
         Someone's very confused, or perhaps trying to subvert
         Perl's population of %ENV for nefarious purposes.

     unmatched () in regexp
         (F) Unbackslashed parentheses must always be balanced in
         regular expressions.  If you're a vi user, the % key is
         valuable for finding the matching parenthesis.  See the
         perlre manpage.

     Unmatched right %s bracket
         (F) The lexer counted more closing curly or square
         brackets than opening ones, so you're probably missing a
         matching opening bracket.  As a general rule, you'll
         find the missing one (so to speak) near the place you
         were last editing.

     unmatched [] in regexp
         (F) The brackets around a character class must match.
         If you wish to include a closing bracket in a character
         class, backslash it or put it first.  See the perlre
         manpage.

     Unquoted string "%s" may clash with future reserved word
         (W reserved) You used a bareword that might someday be
         claimed as a reserved word.  It's best to put such a
         word in quotes, or capitalize it somehow, or insert an
         underbar into it.  You might also declare it as a
         subroutine.

     Unrecognized character %s
         (F) The Perl parser has no idea what to do with the
         specified character in your Perl script (or eval).
         Perhaps you tried to run a compressed script, a binary
         program, or a directory as a Perl program.

     Unrecognized escape \\%c passed through
         (W misc) You used a backslash-character combination
         which is not recognized by Perl.

     Unrecognized signal name "%s"
         (F) You specified a signal name to the kill() function
         that was not recognized.  Say `kill -l' in your shell to
         see the valid signal names on your system.

     Unrecognized switch: -%s  (-h will show valid options)
         (F) You specified an illegal option to Perl.  Don't do
         that.  (If you think you didn't do that, check the #!
         line to see if it's supplying the bad switch on your
         behalf.)

     Unsuccessful %s on filename containing newline
         (W newline) A file operation was attempted on a
         filename, and that operation failed, PROBABLY because
         the filename contained a newline, PROBABLY because you
         forgot to chop() or chomp() it off.  See the chomp entry
         in the perlfunc manpage.

     Unsupported directory function "%s" called
         (F) Your machine doesn't support opendir() and
         readdir().

     Unsupported function fork
         (F) Your version of executable does not support forking.

         Note that under some systems, like OS/2, there may be
         different flavors of Perl executables, some of which may
         support fork, some not. Try changing the name you call
         Perl by to `perl_', `perl__', and so on.

     Unsupported function %s
         (F) This machine doesn't implement the indicated
         function, apparently.  At least, Configure doesn't think
         so.

     Unsupported socket function "%s" called
         (F) Your machine doesn't support the Berkeley socket
         mechanism, or at least that's what Configure thought.

     Unterminated <> operator
         (F) The lexer saw a left angle bracket in a place where
         it was expecting a term, so it's looking for the
         corresponding right angle bracket, and not finding it.
         Chances are you left some needed parentheses out earlier
         in the line, and you really meant a "less than".

     Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute list
         (F) The lexer saw an opening (left) parenthesis
         character while parsing an attribute list, but the
         matching closing (right) parenthesis character was not
         found.  You may need to add (or remove) a backslash
         character to get your parentheses to balance.  See the
         attributes manpage.

     Unterminated attribute list
         (F) The lexer found something other than a simple
         identifier at the start of an attribute, and it wasn't a
         semicolon or the start of a block.  Perhaps you
         terminated the parameter list of the previous attribute
         too soon.  See the attributes manpage.

     Use of $# is deprecated
         (D deprecated) This was an ill-advised attempt to
         emulate a poorly defined awk feature.  Use an explicit
         printf() or sprintf() instead.

     Use of $* is deprecated
         (D deprecated) This variable magically turned on multi-
         line pattern matching, both for you and for any luckless
         subroutine that you happen to call.  You should use the
         new `//m' and `//s' modifiers now to do that without the
         dangerous action-at-a-distance effects of `$*'.


     Use of %s in printf format not supported
         (F) You attempted to use a feature of printf that is
         accessible from only C.  This usually means there's a
         better way to do it in Perl.

     Use of bare << to mean <<"" is deprecated
         (D deprecated) You are now encouraged to use the
         explicitly quoted form if you wish to use an empty line
         as the terminator of the here-document.

     Use of implicit split to @_ is deprecated
         (D deprecated) It makes a lot of work for the compiler
         when you clobber a subroutine's argument list, so it's
         better if you assign the results of a split() explicitly
         to an array (or list).

     Use of inherited AUTOLOAD for non-method %s() is deprecated
         (D deprecated) As an (ahem) accidental feature,
         `AUTOLOAD' subroutines are looked up as methods (using
         the `@ISA' hierarchy) even when the subroutines to be
         autoloaded were called as plain functions (e.g.
         `Foo::bar()'), not as methods (e.g. `Foo->bar()' or
         `$obj->bar()').

         This bug will be rectified in Perl 5.005, which will use
         method lookup only for methods' `AUTOLOAD's.  However,
         there is a significant base of existing code that may be
         using the old behavior.  So, as an interim step, Perl
         5.004 issues an optional warning when non-methods use
         inherited `AUTOLOAD's.

         The simple rule is:  Inheritance will not work when
         autoloading non-methods.  The simple fix for old code
         is:  In any module that used to depend on inheriting
         `AUTOLOAD' for non-methods from a base class named
         `BaseClass', execute `*AUTOLOAD = \&BaseClass::AUTOLOAD'
         during startup.

         In code that currently says `use AutoLoader; @ISA =
         qw(AutoLoader);' you should remove AutoLoader from @ISA
         and change `use AutoLoader;' to `use AutoLoader
         'AUTOLOAD';'.

     Use of reserved word "%s" is deprecated
         (D deprecated) The indicated bareword is a reserved
         word.  Future versions of perl may use it as a keyword,
         so you're better off either explicitly quoting the word
         in a manner appropriate for its context of use, or using
         a different name altogether.  The warning can be
         suppressed for subroutine names by either adding a `&'
         prefix, or using a package qualifier, e.g. `&our()', or
         `Foo::our()'.

     Use of %s is deprecated
         (D deprecated) The construct indicated is no longer
         recommended for use, generally because there's a better
         way to do it, and also because the old way has bad side
         effects.

     Use of uninitialized value%s
         (W uninitialized) An undefined value was used as if it
         were already defined.  It was interpreted as a "" or a
         0, but maybe it was a mistake.  To suppress this warning
         assign a defined value to your variables.

     Useless use of "re" pragma
         (W) You did `use re;' without any arguments.   That
         isn't very useful.

     Useless use of %s in void context
         (W void) You did something without a side effect in a
         context that does nothing with the return value, such as
         a statement that doesn't return a value from a block, or
         the left side of a scalar comma operator.  Very often
         this points not to stupidity on your part, but a failure
         of Perl to parse your program the way you thought it
         would.  For example, you'd get this if you mixed up your
         C precedence with Python precedence and said

             $one, $two = 1, 2;

         when you meant to say

             ($one, $two) = (1, 2);

         Another common error is to use ordinary parentheses to
         construct a list reference when you should be using
         square or curly brackets, for example, if you say

             $array = (1,2);

         when you should have said

             $array = [1,2];

         The square brackets explicitly turn a list value into a
         scalar value, while parentheses do not.  So when a
         parenthesized list is evaluated in a scalar context, the
         comma is treated like C's comma operator, which throws
         away the left argument, which is not what you want.  See
         the perlref manpage for more on this.

     untie attempted while %d inner references still exist
         (W untie) A copy of the object returned from `tie' (or
         `tied') was still valid when `untie' was called.

     Value of %s can be "0"; test with defined()
         (W misc) In a conditional expression, you used <HANDLE>,
         <*> (glob), `each()', or `readdir()' as a boolean value.
         Each of these constructs can return a value of "0"; that
         would make the conditional expression false, which is
         probably not what you intended.  When using these
         constructs in conditional expressions, test their values
         with the `defined' operator.

     Value of CLI symbol "%s" too long
         (W misc) A warning peculiar to VMS.  Perl tried to read
         the value of an %ENV element from a CLI symbol table,
         and found a resultant string longer than 1024
         characters.  The return value has been truncated to 1024
         characters.

     Variable "%s" is not imported%s
         (F) While "use strict" in effect, you referred to a
         global variable that you apparently thought was imported
         from another module, because something else of the same
         name (usually a subroutine) is exported by that module.
         It usually means you put the wrong funny character on
         the front of your variable.

     Variable "%s" may be unavailable
         (W closure) An inner (nested) anonymous subroutine is
         inside a named subroutine, and outside that is another
         subroutine; and the anonymous (innermost) subroutine is
         referencing a lexical variable defined in the outermost
         subroutine.  For example:

            sub outermost { my $a; sub middle { sub { $a } } }

         If the anonymous subroutine is called or referenced
         (directly or indirectly) from the outermost subroutine,
         it will share the variable as you would expect.  But if
         the anonymous subroutine is called or referenced when
         the outermost subroutine is not active, it will see the
         value of the shared variable as it was before and during
         the *first* call to the outermost subroutine, which is
         probably not what you want.

         In these circumstances, it is usually best to make the
         middle subroutine anonymous, using the `sub {}' syntax.
         Perl has specific support for shared variables in nested
         anonymous subroutines; a named subroutine in between
         interferes with this feature.

     Variable "%s" will not stay shared
         (W closure) An inner (nested) named subroutine is
         referencing a lexical variable defined in an outer
         subroutine.
         When the inner subroutine is called, it will probably
         see the value of the outer subroutine's variable as it
         was before and during the *first* call to the outer
         subroutine; in this case, after the first call to the
         outer subroutine is complete, the inner and outer
         subroutines will no longer share a common value for the
         variable.  In other words, the variable will no longer
         be shared.

         Furthermore, if the outer subroutine is anonymous and
         references a lexical variable outside itself, then the
         outer and inner subroutines will never share the given
         variable.

         This problem can usually be solved by making the inner
         subroutine anonymous, using the `sub {}' syntax.  When
         inner anonymous subs that reference variables in outer
         subroutines are called or referenced, they are
         automatically rebound to the current values of such
         variables.

     Variable syntax
         (A) You've accidentally run your script through csh
         instead of Perl.  Check the #! line, or manually feed
         your script into Perl yourself.

     Version number must be a constant number
         (P) The attempt to translate a `use Module n.n LIST'
         statement into its equivalent `BEGIN' block found an
         internal inconsistency with the version number.

     perl: warning: Setting locale failed.
         (S) The whole warning message will look something like:

                 perl: warning: Setting locale failed.
                 perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings:
                         LC_ALL = "En_US",
                         LANG = (unset)
                     are supported and installed on your system.
                 perl: warning: Falling back to the standard locale ("C").

         Exactly what were the failed locale settings varies.  In
         the above the settings were that the LC_ALL was "En_US"
         and the LANG had no value.  This error means that Perl
         detected that you and/or your system administrator have
         set up the so-called variable system but Perl could not
         use those settings.  This was not dead serious,
         fortunately: there is a "default locale" called "C" that
         Perl can and will use, the script will be run.  Before
         you really fix the problem, however, you will get the
         same error message each time you run Perl.  How to
         really fix the problem can be found in the perllocale
         manpage section LOCALE PROBLEMS.

     Warning: something's wrong
         (W) You passed warn() an empty string (the equivalent of
         `warn ""') or you called it with no args and `$_' was
         empty.

     Warning: unable to close filehandle %s properly
         (S) The implicit close() done by an open() got an error
         indication on the close().  This usually indicates your
         file system ran out of disk space.

     Warning: Use of "%s" without parentheses is ambiguous
         (S ambiguous) You wrote a unary operator followed by
         something that looks like a binary operator that could
         also have been interpreted as a term or unary operator.
         For instance, if you know that the rand function has a
         default argument of 1.0, and you write

             rand + 5;

         you may THINK you wrote the same thing as

             rand() + 5;

         but in actual fact, you got

             rand(+5);

         So put in parentheses to say what you really mean.

     write() on closed filehandle %s
         (W closed) The filehandle you're writing to got itself
         closed sometime before now.  Check your logic flow.

     X outside of string
         (F) You had a pack template that specified a relative
         position before the beginning of the string being
         unpacked.  See the pack entry in the perlfunc manpage.

     x outside of string
         (F) You had a pack template that specified a relative
         position after the end of the string being unpacked.
         See the pack entry in the perlfunc manpage.

     Xsub "%s" called in sort
         (F) The use of an external subroutine as a sort
         comparison is not yet supported.

     Xsub called in sort
         (F) The use of an external subroutine as a sort
         comparison is not yet supported.

     You can't use `-l' on a filehandle
         (F) A filehandle represents an opened file, and when you
         opened the file it already went past any symlink you are
         presumably trying to look for.  Use a filename instead.

     YOU HAVEN'T DISABLED SET-ID SCRIPTS IN THE KERNEL YET!
         (F) And you probably never will, because you probably
         don't have the sources to your kernel, and your vendor
         probably doesn't give a rip about what you want.  Your
         best bet is to use the wrapsuid script in the eg
         directory to put a setuid C wrapper around your script.

     You need to quote "%s"
         (W syntax) You assigned a bareword as a signal handler
         name.  Unfortunately, you already have a subroutine of
         that name declared, which means that Perl 5 will try to
         call the subroutine when the assignment is executed,
         which is probably not what you want.  (If it IS what you
         want, put an & in front.)

     %cetsockopt() on closed socket %s
         (W closed) You tried to get or set a socket option on a
         closed socket.  Did you forget to check the return value
         of your socket() call?  See the getsockopt entry in the
         perlfunc manpage and the setsockopt entry in the
         perlfunc manpage.

     \1 better written as $1
         (W syntax) Outside of patterns, backreferences live on
         as variables.  The use of backslashes is grandfathered
         on the right-hand side of a substitution, but
         stylistically it's better to use the variable form
         because other Perl programmers will expect it, and it
         works better if there are more than 9 backreferences.

     '|' and '<' may not both be specified on command line
         (F) An error peculiar to VMS.  Perl does its own command
         line redirection, and found that STDIN was a pipe, and
         that you also tried to redirect STDIN using '<'.  Only
         one STDIN stream to a customer, please.

     '|' and '>' may not both be specified on command line
         (F) An error peculiar to VMS.  Perl does its own command
         line redirection, and thinks you tried to redirect
         stdout both to a file and into a pipe to another
         command.  You need to choose one or the other, though
         nothing's stopping you from piping into a program or
         Perl script which 'splits' output into two streams, such
         as



             open(OUT,">$ARGV[0]") or die "Can't write to $ARGV[0]: $!";
             while (<STDIN>) {
                 print;
                 print OUT;
             }
             close OUT;


     Got an error from DosAllocMem
         (P) An error peculiar to OS/2.  Most probably you're
         using an obsolete version of Perl, and this should not
         happen anyway.

     Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX
         (F) An error peculiar to OS/2.  PERLLIB_PREFIX should be
         of the form

             prefix1;prefix2

         or

             prefix1 prefix2

         with nonempty prefix1 and prefix2.  If `prefix1' is
         indeed a prefix of a builtin library search path,
         prefix2 is substituted.  The error may appear if
         components are not found, or are too long.  See
         "PERLLIB_PREFIX" in README.os2.

     PERL_SH_DIR too long
         (F) An error peculiar to OS/2. PERL_SH_DIR is the
         directory to find the `sh'-shell in.  See "PERL_SH_DIR"
         in README.os2.

     Process terminated by SIG%s
         (W) This is a standard message issued by OS/2
         applications, while *nix applications die in silence.
         It is considered a feature of the OS/2 port.  One can
         easily disable this by appropriate sighandlers, see the
         Signals entry in the perlipc manpage.  See also "Process
         terminated by SIGTERM/SIGINT" in README.os2.









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