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zfs - configures ZFS file systems
zfs [-?]
zfs create [-p] [-o property=value] ... filesystem
zfs create [-ps] [-b blocksize] [-o property=value] ... -V size volume
zfs destroy [-rRf] filesystem|volume|snapshot
zfs snapshot [-r] [-o property=value]...
filesystem@snapname|volume@snapname
zfs rollback [-rRf] snapshot
zfs clone [-p] [-o property=value] ... snapshot filesystem|volume
zfs promote clone-filesystem
zfs rename filesystem|volume|snapshot
filesystem|volume|snapshot
zfs rename [-p] filesystem|volume filesystem|volume
zfs rename -r snapshot snapshot
zfs list [-rH] [-o property[,...]] [-t type[,...]]
[-s property] ... [-S property] ... [filesystem|volume|snapshot] ...
zfs set property=value filesystem|volume|snapshot ...
zfs get [-rHp] [-o field[,...]] [-s source[,...]] "all" | property[,...]
filesystem|volume|snapshot ...
zfs inherit [-r] property filesystem|volume|snapshot ...
zfs upgrade [-v]
zfs upgrade [-r] [-V version] -a | filesystem
zfs mount
zfs mount [-vO] [-o options] -a | filesystem
zfs unmount [-f] -a | filesystem|mountpoint
zfs share -a | filesystem
zfs unshare -a filesystem|mountpoint
zfs send [-vR] [-[iI] snapshot] snapshot
zfs receive [-vnF] filesystem|volume|snapshot
zfs receive [-vnF] -d filesystem
zfs allow [-ldug] "everyone"|user|group[,...] perm|@setname[,...]
filesystem|volume
zfs allow [-ld] -e perm|@setname[,...] filesystem|volume
zfs allow -c perm|@setname[,...] filesystem|volume
zfs allow -s @setname perm|@setname[,...] filesystem|volume
zfs unallow [-rldug] "everyone"|user|group[,...] [perm|@setname[,... ]]
filesystem|volume
zfs unallow [-rld] -e [perm|@setname[,... ]] filesystem|volume
zfs unallow [-r] -c [perm|@setname[ ... ]] filesystem|volume
zfs unallow [-r] -s @setname [perm|@setname[,... ]] filesystem|volume
The zfs command configures ZFS datasets within a ZFS storage pool, as described in zpool(1M). A dataset is identified by a unique path within the ZFS namespace. For example:
pool/{filesystem,volume,snapshot}
where the maximum length of a dataset name is MAXNAMELEN (256 bytes).
A dataset can be one of the following:
file system
volume
snapshot
A ZFS storage pool is a logical collection of devices that provide space for datasets. A storage pool is also the root of the ZFS file system hierarchy.
The root of the pool can be accessed as a file system, such as mounting and unmounting, taking snapshots, and setting properties. The physical storage characteristics, however, are managed by the zpool(1M) command.
See zpool(1M) for more information on creating and administering pools.
A snapshot is a read-only copy of a file system or volume. Snapshots can be created extremely quickly, and initially consume no additional space within the pool. As data within the active dataset changes, the snapshot consumes more data than would otherwise be shared with the active dataset.
Snapshots can have arbitrary names. Snapshots of volumes can be cloned or rolled back, but cannot be accessed independently.
File system snapshots can be accessed under the ".zfs/snapshot" directory in the root of the file system. Snapshots are automatically mounted on demand and may be unmounted at regular intervals. The visibility of the ".zfs" directory can be controlled by the "snapdir" property.
A clone is a writable volume or file system whose initial contents are the same as another dataset. As with snapshots, creating a clone is nearly instantaneous, and initially consumes no additional space.
Clones can only be created from a snapshot. When a snapshot is cloned, it creates an implicit dependency between the parent and child. Even though the clone is created somewhere else in the dataset hierarchy, the original snapshot cannot be destroyed as long as a clone exists. The "origin" property exposes this dependency, and the destroy command lists any such dependencies, if they exist.
The clone parent-child dependency relationship can be reversed by using the "promote" subcommand. This causes the "origin" file system to become a clone of the specified file system, which makes it possible to destroy the file system that the clone was created from.
Creating a ZFS file system is a simple operation, so the number of file systems per system is likely to be numerous. To cope with this, ZFS automatically manages mounting and unmounting file systems without the need to edit the /etc/vfstab file. All automatically managed file systems are mounted by ZFS at boot time.
By default, file systems are mounted under /path, where path is the name of the file system in the ZFS namespace. Directories are created and destroyed as needed.
A file system can also have a mount point set in the "mountpoint" property. This directory is created as needed, and ZFS automatically mounts the file system when the "zfs mount -a" command is invoked (without editing /etc/vfstab). The mountpoint property can be inherited, so if pool/home has a mount point of /export/stuff, then pool/home/user automatically inherits a mount point of /export/stuff/user.
A file system mountpoint property of "none" prevents the file system from being mounted.
If needed, ZFS file systems can also be managed with traditional tools (mount, umount, /etc/vfstab). If a file system's mount point is set to "legacy", ZFS makes no attempt to manage the file system, and the administrator is responsible for mounting and unmounting the file system.
A ZFS file system can be added to a non-global zone by using zonecfg's "add fs" subcommand. A ZFS file system that is added to a non-global zone must have its mountpoint property set to legacy.
The physical properties of an added file system are controlled by the global administrator. However, the zone administrator can create, modify, or destroy files within the added file system, depending on how the file system is mounted.
A dataset can also be delegated to a non-global zone by using zonecfg's "add dataset" subcommand. You cannot delegate a dataset to one zone and the children of the same dataset to another zone. The zone administrator can change properties of the dataset or any of its children. However, the "quota" property is controlled by the global administrator.
A ZFS volume can be added as a device to a non-global zone by using zonecfg's "add device" subcommand. However, its physical properties can only be modified by the global administrator.
For more information about zonecfg syntax, see zonecfg(1M).
After a dataset is delegated to a non-global zone, the "zoned" property is automatically set. A zoned file system cannot be mounted in the global zone, since the zone administrator might have to set the mount point to an unacceptable value.
The global administrator can forcibly clear the "zoned" property, though this should be done with extreme care. The global administrator should verify that all the mount points are acceptable before clearing the property.
Properties are divided into two types, native properties and user defined properties. Native properties either export internal statistics or control ZFS behavior. In addition, native properties are either editable or read-only. User properties have no effect on ZFS behavior, but you can use them to annotate datasets in a way that is meaningful in your environment. For more information about user properties, see the "User Properties" section.
Every dataset has a set of properties that export statistics about the dataset as well as control various behavior. Properties are inherited from the parent unless overridden by the child. Some properties only apply to certain types of datasets (file systems, volumes or snapshots).
The values of numeric properties can be specified using human-readable suffixes (for example, "k", "KB", "M", "Gb", etc, up to Z for zettabyte). The following are all valid (and equal) specifications:
"1536M", "1.5g", "1.50GB".
The values of non-numeric properties are case sensitive and must be lowercase, except for "mountpoint", "sharenfs" and "sharesmb".
The following native properties consist of read-only statistics about the dataset. These properties cannot be set, nor are they inherited. Native properties apply to all dataset types unless otherwise noted.
available
This property can also be referred to by its shortened column name, "avail".
compressratio
creation
mounted
origin
referenced
This property can also be referred to by its shortened column name, "refer".
type
used
When snapshots (see the "Snapshots" section) are created, their space is initially shared between the snapshot and the file system, and possibly with previous snapshots. As the file system changes, space that was previously shared becomes unique to the snapshot, and counted in the snapshot's space used. Additionally, deleting snapshots can increase the amount of space unique to (and used by) other snapshots.
The amount of space used, available, or referenced does not take into account pending changes. Pending changes are generally accounted for within a few seconds. Committing a change to a disk using fsync(3c) or O_SYNC does not necessarily guarantee that the space usage information is updated immediately.
usedby*
usedbychildren
usedbydataset
usedbyrefreservation
usedbysnapshots
volblocksize=blocksize
This property can also be referred to by its shortened column name, "volblock".
The following native properties can be used to change the behavior of a ZFS dataset.
aclinherit=discard | noallow | restricted | passthrough | passthrough-x
When the property value is set to "passthrough," files are created with a mode determined by the inheritable ACEs. If no inheritable ACEs exist that affect the mode, then the mode is set in accordance to the requested mode from the application.
aclmode=discard | groupmask | passthrough
atime=on | off
canmount=on | off | noauto
When the "noauto" option is set, a dataset can only be mounted and unmounted explicitly. The dataset is not mounted automatically when the dataset is created or imported, nor is it mounted by the "zfs mount -a" command or unmounted by the "zfs unmount -a" command.
This property is not inherited.
checksum=on | off | fletcher2, | fletcher4 | sha256
compression=on | off | lzjb | gzip | gzip-N
This property can also be referred to by its shortened column name "compress".
copies=1 | 2 | 3
Changing this property only affects newly-written data. Therefore, set this property at file system creation time by using the "-o copies=" option.
devices=on | off
exec=on | off
mountpoint=path | none | legacy
When the mountpoint property is changed for a file system, the file system and any children that inherit the mount point are unmounted. If the new value is "legacy", then they remain unmounted. Otherwise, they are automatically remounted in the new location if the property was previously "legacy" or "none", or if they were mounted before the property was changed. In addition, any shared file systems are unshared and shared in the new location.
nbmand=on | off
primarycache=all | none | metadata
quota=size | none
Quotas cannot be set on volumes, as the "volsize" property acts as an implicit quota.
readonly=on | off
This property can also be referred to by its shortened column name, "rdonly".
recordsize=size
For databases that create very large files but access them in small random chunks, these algorithms may be suboptimal. Specifying a "recordsize" greater than or equal to the record size of the database can result in significant performance gains. Use of this property for general purpose file systems is strongly discouraged, and may adversely affect performance.
The size specified must be a power of two greater than or equal to 512 and less than or equal to 128 Kbytes.
Changing the file system's recordsize only affects files created afterward; existing files are unaffected.
This property can also be referred to by its shortened column name, "recsize".
refquota=size | none
refreservation=size | none
If refreservation is set, a snapshot is only allowed if there is enough free pool space outside of this reservation to accommodate the current number of "referenced" bytes in the dataset.
This property can also be referred to by its shortened column name, "refreserv".
reservation=size | none
This property can also be referred to by its shortened column name, "reserv".
secondarycache=all | none | metadata
setuid=on | off
shareiscsi=on | off
You might want to set "shareiscsi=on" for a file system so that all ZFS volumes within the file system are shared by default. Setting this property on a file system has no direct effect, however.
sharesmb=on | off | opts
Because SMB shares requires a resource name, a unique resource name is constructed from the dataset name. The constructed name is a copy of the dataset name except that the characters in the dataset name, which would be illegal in the resource name, are replaced with underscore (_) characters. A pseudo property "name" is also supported that allows you to replace the data set name with a specified name. The specified name is then used to replace the prefix dataset in the case of inheritance. For example, if the dataset "data/home/john" is set to "name=john", then "data/home/john" has a resource name of "john". If a child dataset of "data/home/john/backups", it has a resource name of "john_backups".
When the "sharesmb" property is changed for a dataset, the dataset and any children inheriting the property are re-shared with the new options, only if the property was previously set to "off", or if they were shared before the property was changed. If the new property is set to "off", the file systems are unshared.
sharenfs=on | off | opts
When the "sharenfs" property is changed for a dataset, the dataset and any children inheriting the property are re-shared with the new options, only if the property was previously "off", or if they were shared before the property was changed. If the new property is "off", the file systems are unshared.
snapdir=hidden | visible
version=1|2|current
volsize=size
The reservation is kept equal to the volume's logical size to prevent unexpected behavior for consumers. Without the reservation, the volume could run out of space, resulting in undefined behavior or data corruption, depending on how the volume is used. These effects can also occur when the volume size is changed while it is in use (particularly when shrinking the size). Extreme care should be used when adjusting the volume size.
Though not recommended, a "sparse volume" (also known as "thin provisioning") can be created by specifying the -s option to the "zfs create -V" command, or by changing the reservation after the volume has been created. A "sparse volume" is a volume where the reservation is less then the volume size. Consequently, writes to a sparse volume can fail with ENOSPC when the pool is low on space. For a sparse volume, changes to volsize are not reflected in the reservation.
vscan=on|off
xattr=on | off
zoned=on | off
The following three properties cannot be changed after the file system is created, and therefore, should be set when the file system is created. If the properties are not set with the "zfs create" or "zpool create" commands, these properties are inherited from the parent dataset. If the parent dataset lacks these properties due to having been created prior to these features being supported, the new file system will have the default values for these properties.
casesensitivity = sensitive | insensitive | mixed
The "mixed" value for the "casesensitivity" property indicates that the file system can support requests for both case-sensitive and case-insensitive matching behavior. Currently, case-insensitive matching behavior on a file system that supports mixed behavior is limited to the Solaris CIFS server product. For more information about the "mixed" value behavior, see the ZFS Administration Guide.
normalization =none | formD | formKCf
utf8only =on | off
The "casesensitivity," "normalization," and "utf8only" properties are also new permissions that can be assigned to non-privileged users by using the ZFS delegated administration feature.
When a file system is mounted, either through mount(1M) for legacy mounts or the "zfs mount" command for normal file systems, its mount options are set according to its properties. The correlation between properties and mount options is as follows:
PROPERTY MOUNT OPTION
devices devices/nodevices
exec exec/noexec
readonly ro/rw
setuid setuid/nosetuid
xattr xattr/noxattr
In addition, these options can be set on a per-mount basis using the -o option, without affecting the property that is stored on disk. The values specified on the command line override the values stored in the dataset. The -nosuid option is an alias for "nodevices,nosetuid". These properties are reported as "temporary" by the "zfs get" command. If the properties are changed while the dataset is mounted, the new setting overrides any temporary settings.
In addition to the standard native properties, ZFS supports arbitrary user properties. User properties have no effect on ZFS behavior, but applications or administrators can use them to annotate datasets (file systems, volumes, and snapshots).
User property names must contain a colon (":") character to distinguish them from native properties. They may contain lowercase letters, numbers, and the following punctuation characters: colon (":"), dash ("-"), period ("."), and underscore ("_"). The expected convention is that the property name is divided into two portions such as "module:property", but this namespace is not enforced by ZFS. User property names can be at most 256 characters, and cannot begin with a dash ("-").
When making programmatic use of user properties, it is strongly suggested to use a reversed DNS domain name for the module component of property names to reduce the chance that two independently-developed packages use the same property name for different purposes. Property names beginning with "com.sun." are reserved for use by Sun Microsystems.
The values of user properties are arbitrary strings, are always inherited, and are never validated. All of the commands that operate on properties ("zfs list", "zfs get", "zfs set", etc.) can be used to manipulate both native properties and user properties. Use the "zfs inherit" command to clear a user property . If the property is not defined in any parent dataset, it is removed entirely. Property values are limited to 1024 characters.
During an initial installation or a live upgrade from a UFS file system, a swap device and dump device are created on ZFS volumes in the ZFS root pool. By default, the swap area size is based on 1/2 the size of physical memory up to 2 Gbytes. The size of the dump device depends on the kernel's requirements at installation time. Separate ZFS volumes must be used for the swap area and dump devices. Do not swap to a file on a ZFS file system. A ZFS swap file configuration is not supported.
If you need to change your swap area or dump device after the system is installed or upgraded, use the swap(1M) and dumpadm(1M) commands. If you need to change the size of your swap area or dump device, see the Solaris ZFS Administration Guide.
All subcommands that modify state are logged persistently to the pool in their original form.
zfs ?
zfs create [-p] [-o property=value] ... filesystem
-p
-o property=value
zfs create [-ps] [-b blocksize] [-o property=value] ... -V size volume
size is automatically rounded up to the nearest 128 Kbytes to ensure that the volume has an integral number of blocks regardless of blocksize.
-p
-s
-o property=value
-b blocksize
zfs destroy [-rRf] filesystem|volume|snapshot
-r
-R
-f
Extreme care should be taken when applying either the -r or the -f options, as they can destroy large portions of a pool and cause unexpected behavior for mounted file systems in use.
zfs snapshot [-r] [-o property=value] ... filesystem@snapname|volume@snapname
-r
-o property=value
zfs rollback [-rRf] snapshot
-r
-R
-f
zfs clone [-p] [-o property=value] ... snapshot filesystem|volume
-p
-o property=value
zfs promote clone-filesystem
The snapshot that was cloned, and any snapshots previous to this snapshot, are now owned by the promoted clone. The space they use moves from the "origin" file system to the promoted clone, so enough space must be available to accommodate these snapshots. No new space is consumed by this operation, but the space accounting is adjusted. The promoted clone must not have any conflicting snapshot names of its own. The "rename" subcommand can be used to rename any conflicting snapshots.
zfs rename filesystem|volume|snapshot
filesystem|volume|snapshot
zfs
rename [-p] filesystem|volume filesystem|volume
-p
zfs rename -r snapshot snapshot
zfs list [-rH] [-o property[,...]] [ -t type[,...]]
[ -s property ] ... [ -S property ] ... [filesystem|volume|snapshot] ...
name,used,available,referenced,mountpoint
-H
-r
-o property
-s property
The following is a list of sorting criteria:
-S property
-t type
zfs set property=value filesystem|volume|snapshot ...
zfs get [-rHp] [-o field[,...] [-s source[,...] "all" | property[,...] filesystem|volume|snapshot ...
name Dataset name
property Property name
value Property value
source Property source. Can either be local, default,
temporary, inherited, or none (-).
All columns are displayed by default, though this can be controlled by using the -o option. This command takes a comma-separated list of properties as described in the "Native Properties" and "User Properties" sections.
The special value "all" can be used to display all properties that apply to the given dataset's type (filesystem, volume or snapshot).
-r
-H
-o field
-s source
-p
zfs inherit [-r] property filesystem|volume|snapshot ...
-r
zfs upgrade [-v]
zfs upgrade [-r] [-V version] [-a | filesystem]
The file system version is independent of the pool version (see zpool(1M) for information on the "zpool upgrade" command).
The file system version does not have to be upgraded when the pool version is upgraded, and vice versa.
-a
filesystem
-r
-V version
zfs mount
zfs mount [-vO] [-o options] -a | filesystem
-o options
-O
-v
-a
filesystem
zfs unmount [-f] -a | filesystem|mountpoint
-f
-a
filesystem|mountpoint
zfs share -a | filesystem
-a
filesystem
zfs unshare -a | filesystem|mountpoint
-a
filesystem|mountpoint
zfs send [-vR] [-[iI] snapshot] snapshot
-i snapshot
If the destination is a clone, the source may be the origin snapshot, which must be fully specified (for example, "pool/fs@origin", not just "@origin").
-I snapshot
-R
If the -i or -I flags are used in conjunction with the -R flag, an incremental replication stream is generated. The current values of properties, and current snapshot and file system names are set when the stream is received. If the -F flag is specified when this stream is recieved, snapshots and file systems that do not exist on the sending side are destroyed.
-v
The format of the stream is evolving. No backwards compatibility is guaranteed. You may not be able to receive your streams on future versions of ZFS.
zfs receive [-vnF] filesystem|volume|snapshot
zfs receive [-vnF] -d filesystem
If an incremental stream is received, then the destination file system must already exist, and its most recent snapshot must match the incremental stream's source. For zvols, the destination device link is destroyed and re-created, which means the zvol cannot be accessed during the receive operation.
The name of the snapshot (and file system, if a full stream is received) that this subcommand creates depends on the argument type and the -d option.
If the argument is a snapshot name, the specified snapshot is created. If the argument is a file system or volume name, a snapshot with the same name as the sent snapshot is created within the specified filesystem or volume. If the -d option is specified, the snapshot name is determined by appending the sent snapshot's name to the specified filesystem. If the -d option is specified, any required file systems within the specified one are created.
-d
-v
-n
-F
zfs allow [-ldug] "everyone"|user|group[,...] perm|@setname[,...] filesystem| volume
zfs allow [-ld] -e perm|@setname[,...] filesystem|volume
[-ug] "everyone"|user|group[,...]
[-e] perm|@setname[,...]
[-ld] filesystem|volume
Permissions are generally the ability to use a ZFS subcommand or change a ZFS property. The following permissions are available:
NAME TYPE NOTES
allow subcommand Must also have the permission
that is being allowed.
clone subcommand Must also have the 'create' ability
and the 'mount' ability in the origin
file system.
create subcommand Must also have the 'mount' ability.
destroy subcommand Must also have the 'mount' ability.
mount subcommand Allows mount, unmount, and
create/remove zvol device links.
promote subcommand Must also have the 'mount' ability and
'promote' ability in the origin file system.
receive subcommand Must also have the 'mount' ability and
the 'create' ability.
rename subcommand Must also have the 'mount' ability and
the 'create' ability in the new parent.
rollback subcommand Must also have the 'mount' ability.
snapshot subcommand Must also have the 'mount' ability.
share subcommand Allows share and unshare.
send subcommand
aclinherit property
aclmode property
atime property
canmount property
checksum property
compression property
copies property
devices property
exec property
mountpoint property
primarycache property
quota property
readonly property
recordsize property
reservation property
secondarycache property
setuid property
shareiscsi property
sharenfs property
snapdir property
version property
volsize property
xattr property
zoned property
userprop other Allows changing any user property.
zfs allow -c perm|@setname[,...] filesystem|volume
zfs allow -s @setname perm|@setname[,...] filesystem|volume
zfs unallow [-rldug] "everyone"|user|group[,...] [perm|@setname[, ...]] filesystem|volume
zfs unallow [-rld] -e [perm|@setname [,...]] filesystem|volume
zfs unallow [-r] -c [perm|@setname[,...]]
filesystem|volume
-r
zfs unallow [-r] -s @setname [perm|@setname[,...]]
filesystem|volume
Example 1 Creating a ZFS File System Hierarchy
The following commands create a file system named "pool/home" and a file system named "pool/home/bob". The mount point "/export/home" is set for the parent file system, and automatically inherited by the child file system.
# zfs create pool/home # zfs set mountpoint=/export/home pool/home # zfs create pool/home/bob
Example 2 Creating a ZFS Snapshot
The following command creates a snapshot named "yesterday". This snapshot is mounted on demand in the ".zfs/snapshot" directory at the root of the "pool/home/bob" file system.
# zfs snapshot pool/home/bob@yesterday
Example 3 Taking and destroying multiple snapshots
The following command creates snapshots named "yesterday" of "pool/home" and all of its descendent file systems. Each snapshot is mounted on demand in the ".zfs/snapshot" directory at the root of its file system. The second command destroys the newly created snapshots.
# zfs snapshot -r pool/home@yesterday # zfs destroy -r pool/home@yesterday
Example 4 Turning Off Compression
The following commands turn compression off for all file systems under "pool/home", but explicitly turns it on for "pool/home/anne".
# zfs set compression=off pool/home # zfs set compression=on pool/home/anne
Example 5 Listing ZFS Datasets
The following command lists all active file systems and volumes in the system.
# zfs list NAME USED AVAIL REFER MOUNTPOINT pool 450K 457G 18K /pool pool/home 315K 457G 21K /export/home pool/home/anne 18K 457G 18K /export/home/anne pool/home/bob 276K 457G 276K /export/home/bob pool/home/bob@yesterday 0 - 276K -
Example 6 Setting a Quota on a ZFS File System
The following command sets a quota of 50 gbytes for "pool/home/bob".
# zfs set quota=50G pool/home/bob
Example 7 Listing ZFS Properties
The following command lists all properties for "pool/home/bob".
# zfs get all pool/home/bob
NAME PROPERTY VALUE SOURCE
pool/home/bob type filesystem -
pool/home/bob creation Thu Jul 12 14:44 2007 -
pool/home/bob used 276K -
pool/home/bob available 50.0G -
pool/home/bob referenced 276K -
pool/home/bob compressratio 1.00x -
pool/home/bob mounted yes -
pool/home/bob quota 50G local
pool/home/bob reservation none default
pool/home/bob recordsize 128K default
pool/home/bob mountpoint /export/home/bob inherited from
pool/home
pool/home/bob checksum on default
pool/home/bob compression off default
pool/home/bob atime on default
pool/home/bob devices on default
pool/home/bob exec on default
pool/home/bob setuid on default
pool/home/bob readonly off default
pool/home/bob zoned off default
pool/home/bob snapdir hidden default
pool/home/bob aclmode groupmask default
pool/home/bob aclinherit restricted default
pool/home/bob canmount on default
pool/home/bob nbmand off default
pool/home/bob shareiscsi off default
pool/home/bob sharesmb off default
pool/home/bob sharenfs off default
pool/home/bob xattr on default
pool/home/bob refquota 10M local
pool/home/bob refreservation none default
pool/home/bob copies 1 default
pool/home/bob version 1 -
The following command gets a single property value.
# zfs get -H -o value compression pool/home/bob on
The following command lists all properties with local settings for "pool/home/bob".
# zfs get -r -s local -o name,property,value all pool/home/bob NAME PROPERTY VALUE pool compression on pool/home checksum off
Example 8 Rolling Back a ZFS File System
The following command reverts the contents of "pool/home/anne" to the snapshot named "yesterday", deleting all intermediate snapshots.
# zfs rollback -r pool/home/anne@yesterday
Example 9 Creating a ZFS Clone
The following command creates a writable file system whose initial contents are the same as "pool/home/bob@yesterday".
# zfs clone pool/home/bob@yesterday pool/clone
Example 10 Promoting a ZFS Clone
The following commands illustrate how to test out changes to a file system, and then replace the original file system with the changed one, using clones, clone promotion, and renaming:
# zfs create pool/project/production populate /pool/project/production with data # zfs snapshot pool/project/production@today # zfs clone pool/project/production@today pool/project/beta make changes to /pool/project/beta and test them # zfs promote pool/project/beta # zfs rename pool/project/production pool/project/legacy # zfs rename pool/project/beta pool/project/production once the legacy version is no longer needed, it can be destroyed # zfs destroy pool/project/legacy
Example 11 Inheriting ZFS Properties
The following command causes "pool/home/bob" and "pool/home/anne" to inherit the "checksum" property from their parent.
# zfs inherit checksum pool/home/bob pool/home/anne
Example 12 Remotely Replicating ZFS Data
The following commands send a full stream and then an incremental stream to a remote machine, restoring them into "poolB/received/fs@a" and "poolB/received/fs@b", respectively. "poolB" must contain the file system "poolB/received", and must not initially contain "poolB/received/fs".
# zfs send pool/fs@a | \ ssh host zfs receive poolB/received/fs@a # zfs send -i a pool/fs@b | ssh host \ zfs receive poolB/received/fs
Example 13 Using the zfs receive -d Option
The following command sends a full stream of "poolA/fsA/fsB@snap" to a remote machine, receiving it into "poolB/received/fsA/fsB@snap". The "fsA/fsB@snap" portion of the received snapshot's name is determined from the name of the sent snapshot. "poolB" must contain the file system "poolB/received". If "poolB/received/fsA" does not exist, it is be created as an empty file system.
# zfs send poolA/fsA/fsB@snap | \ ssh host zfs receive -d poolB/received
Example 14 Setting User Properties
The following example sets the user defined "com.example:department" property for a dataset.
# zfs set com.example:department=12345 tank/accounting
Example 15 Creating a ZFS Volume as a iSCSI Target Device
The following example shows how to create a ZFS volume as an iSCSI target.
# zfs create -V 2g pool/volumes/vol1 # zfs set shareiscsi=on pool/volumes/vol1 # iscsitadm list target Target: pool/volumes/vol1 iSCSI Name: iqn.1986-03.com.sun:02:7b4b02a6-3277-eb1b-e686-a24762c52a8c Connections: 0
After the iSCSI target is created, set up the iSCSI initiator. For more information about the Solaris iSCSI initiator, see the Solaris Administration Guide: Devices and File Systems.
Example 16 Performing a Rolling Snapshot
The following example shows how to maintain a history of snapshots with a consistent naming scheme. To keep a week's worth of snapshots, the user destroys the oldest snapshot, renames the remaining snapshots, and then creates a new snapshot, as follows:
# zfs destroy -r pool/users@7daysago # zfs rename -r pool/users@6daysago @7daysago # zfs rename -r pool/users@5daysago @6daysago ... # zfs rename -r pool/users@yesterday @2daysago # zfs rename -r pool/users@today @yesterday # zfs snapshot -r pool/users@today
Example 17 Setting sharenfs Property Options on a ZFS File System
The following commands show how to set "sharenfs" property options to enable rw access for a set of IP addresses and to enable root access for system neo on the tank/home file system.
# zfs set sharenfs='[email protected]/16,root=neo' tank/home
If you are using DNS for host name resolution, specify the fully qualified hostname.
Example 18 Delegating ZFS Administration Permissions on a ZFS Dataset
The following example shows how to set permissions so that user "cindys" can create, destroy, mount and take snapshots on tank/cindys. The permissions on tank/cindys are also displayed.
# zfs allow cindys create,destroy,mount,snapshot tank/cindys
# zfs allow tank/cindys
-------------------------------------------------------------
Local+Descendent permissions on (tank/cindys)
user cindys create,destroy,mount,snapshot
-------------------------------------------------------------
Because the tank/cindys mount point permission is set to 755 by default, user cindys will be unable to mount file systems under tank/cindys. Set an ACL similar to the following syntax to provide mount point access:
# chmod A+user:cindys:add_subdirectory:allow /tank/cindys
Example 19 Delegating Create Time Permissions on a ZFS Dataset
The following example shows how to grant anyone in the group staff to create file systems in tank/users. This syntax also allows staff members to destroy their own file systems, but not destroy anyone else's file system. The permissions on tank/users are also displayed.
# zfs allow staff create,mount tank/users
# zfs allow -c destroy tank/users
# zfs allow tank/users
-------------------------------------------------------------
Create time permissions on (tank/users)
create,destroy
Local+Descendent permissions on (tank/users)
group staff create,mount
-------------------------------------------------------------
Example 20 Defining and Granting a Permission Set on a ZFS Dataset
The following example shows how to define and grant a permission set on the tank/users file system. The permissions on tank/users are also displayed.
# zfs allow -s @pset create,destroy,snapshot,mount tank/users
# zfs allow staff @pset tank/users
# zfs allow tank/users
-------------------------------------------------------------
Permission sets on (tank/users)
@pset create,destroy,mount,snapshot
Create time permissions on (tank/users)
create,destroy
Local+Descendent permissions on (tank/users)
group staff @pset,create,mount
-------------------------------------------------------------
Example 21 Delegating Property Permissions on a ZFS Dataset
The following example shows to grant the ability to set quotas and reservations on the users/home file system. The permissions on users/home are also displayed.
# zfs allow cindys quota,reservation users/home
# zfs allow users/home
-------------------------------------------------------------
Local+Descendent permissions on (users/home)
user cindys quota,reservation
-------------------------------------------------------------
cindys% zfs set quota=10G users/home/marks
cindys% zfs get quota users/home/marks
NAME PROPERTY VALUE SOURCE
users/home/marks quota 10G local
Example 22 Removing ZFS Delegated Permissions on a ZFS Dataset
The following example shows how to remove the snapshot permission from the staff group on the tank/users file system. The permissions on tank/users are also displayed.
# zfs unallow staff snapshot tank/users
# zfs allow tank/users
-------------------------------------------------------------
Permission sets on (tank/users)
@pset create,destroy,mount,snapshot
Create time permissions on (tank/users)
create,destroy
Local+Descendent permissions on (tank/users)
group staff @pset,create,mount
-------------------------------------------------------------
The following exit values are returned:
0
1
2
See attributes(5) for descriptions of the following attributes:
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gzip(1), ssh(1), mount(1M), share(1M), sharemgr(1M), unshare(1M), zonecfg(1M), zpool(1M), chmod(2), stat(2), fsync(3c), dfstab(4), attributes(5)
For information about using the ZFS web-based management tool and other ZFS features, see the Solaris ZFS Administration Guide.
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