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NAME
zshzle - zsh command line editor
DESCRIPTION
If the ZLE option is set (it is by default) and the shell
input is attached to the terminal, the user is allowed to
edit command lines.
There are two display modes. The first, multiline mode, is
the default. It only works if the TERM parameter is set to
a valid terminal type that can move the cursor up. The
second, single line mode, is used if TERM is invalid or
incapable of moving the cursor up, or if the SINGLE_LINE_ZLE
option is set. This mode is similar to ksh, and uses no
termcap sequences. If TERM is "emacs", the ZLE option will
be unset by the shell.
Bindings
Command bindings may be set using the bindkey builtin.
There are two keymaps-the main keymap and the alternate key-
map. The alternate keymap is bound to vi command mode. The
main keymap is bound to emacs mode by default. To bind the
main keymap to vi insert mode, use bindkey -v. However, if
one of the VISUAL or EDITOR environment variables contain
the string vi when the shell starts up the main keymap will
be bound to vi insert mode by default.
The following is a list of all the key commands and their
default bindings in emacs mode, vi command mode and vi
insert mode.
Movement
vi-backward-blank-word (unbound) (B) (unbound)
Move backward one word, where a word is defined as a
series of non-blank characters.
backward-char (^B ESC-[D) (unbound) (unbound)
Move backward one character.
vi-backward-char (unbound) (^H h ^?) (unbound)
Move backward one character, without changing lines.
backward-word (ESC-B ESC-b) (unbound) (unbound)
Move to the beginning of the previous word.
emacs-backward-word
Move to the beginning of the previous word.
vi-backward-word (unbound) (b) (unbound)
Move to the beginning of the previous word, vi-style.
beginning-of-line (^A) (unbound) (unbound)
Move to the beginning of the line. If already at the
beginning of the line, move to the beginning of the
previous line, if any.
vi-beginning-of-line
Move to the beginning of the line, without changing
lines.
end-of-line (^E) (unbound) (unbound)
Move to the end of the line. If already at the end of
the line, move to the end of the next line, if any.
vi-end-of-line (unbound) ($) (unbound)
Move to the end of the line. If an argument is given
to this command, the cursor will be moved to the end of
the line (argument - 1) lines down.
vi-forward-blank-word (unbound) (W) (unbound)
Move forward one word, where a word is defined as a
series of non-blank characters.
vi-forward-blank-word-end (unbound) (E) (unbound)
Move to the end of the current word, or, if at the end
of the current word, to the end of the next word, where
a word is defined as a series of non-blank characters.
forward-char (^F ESC-[C) (unbound) (unbound)
Move forward one character.
vi-forward-char (unbound) (space l) (unbound)
Move forward one character.
vi-find-next-char (^X^F) (f) (unbound)
Read a character from the keyboard, and move to the
next occurrence of it in the line.
vi-find-next-char-skip (unbound) (t) (unbound)
Read a character from the keyboard, and move to the
position just before the next occurrence of it in the
line.
vi-find-prev-char (unbound) (F) (unbound)
Read a character from the keyboard, and move to the
previous occurrence of it in the line.
vi-find-prev-char-skip (unbound) (T) (unbound)
Read a character from the keyboard, and move to the
position just after the previous occurrence of it in
the line.
vi-first-non-blank (unbound) (^) (unbound)
Move to the first non-blank character in the line.
vi-forward-word (unbound) (w) (unbound)
Move forward one word, vi-style.
forward-word (ESC-F ESC-f) (unbound) (unbound)
Move to the beginning of the next word. The editor's
idea of a word is specified with the WORDCHARS parame-
ter.
emacs-forward-word
Move to the end of the next word.
vi-forward-word-end (unbound) (e) (unbound)
Move to the end of the next word.
vi-goto-column (ESC-|) (|) (unbound)
Move to the column specified by the numeric argument.
vi-goto-mark (unbound) (`) (unbound)
Move to the specified mark.
vi-goto-mark-line (unbound) (') (unbound)
Move to beginning of the line containing the specified
mark.
vi-repeat-find (unbound) (;) (unbound)
Repeat the last vi-find command.
vi-rev-repeat-find (unbound) (,) (unbound)
Repeat the last vi-find command in the opposite direc-
tion.
History
beginning-of-buffer-or-history (ESC-<) (unbound) (unbound)
Move to the beginning of the buffer, or if already
there, move to the first event in the history list.
beginning-of-line-hist
Move to the beginning of the line. If already at the
beginning of the buffer, move to the previous history
line.
beginning-of-history
Move to the first event in the history list.
down-line-or-history (^N ESC-[B) (j) (unbound)
Move down a line in the buffer, or if already at the
bottom line, move to the next event in the history
list.
vi-down-line-or-history (unbound) (+) (unbound)
Move down a line in the buffer, or if already at the
bottom line, move to the next event in the history
list. Then move to the first non-blank character on
the line.
down-line-or-search
Move down a line in the buffer, or if already at the
bottom line, search forward in the history for a line
beginning with the first word in the buffer.
down-history (unbound) (^N) (unbound)
Move to the next event in the history list.
history-beginning-search-backward
Search backward in the history for a line beginning
with the current line up to the cursor. This leaves
the cursor in its original position.
end-of-buffer-or-history (ESC->) (unbound) (unbound)
Move to the end of the buffer, or if already there,
move to the last event in the history list.
end-of-line-hist
Move to the end of the line. If already at the end of
the buffer, move to the next history line.
end-of-history
Move to the last event in the history list.
vi-fetch-history (unbound) (G) (unbound)
Fetch the history line specified by the numeric argu-
ment. This defaults to the current history line (i.e.
the one that isn't history yet).
history-incremental-search-
backward (^R ^Xr) (unbound) (unbound)
Search backward incrementally for a specified string.
The search is case-insensitive if the search string
does not have uppercase letters and no numeric argument
was given. The string may begin with `^' to anchor the
search to the beginning of the line. A restricted set
of editing functions is available in the mini-buffer.
An interrupt signal, as defined by the stty setting,
will stop the search and go back to the original line.
An undefined key will have the same effect. The sup-
ported functions are: backward-delete-char, vi-
backward-delete-char, clear-screen, redisplay, quoted-
insert, vi-quoted-insert, accept-and-hold, accept-and-
infer-next-history, accept-line and accept-line-and-
down-history; magic-space just inserts a space. vi-
cmd-mode toggles between the main and alternate key
bindings; the main key bindings (insert mode) will be
selected initially. Any string that is bound to an
out-string (via bindkey -s) will behave as if out-
string were typed directly. Typing the binding of
history-incremental-search-backward will get the next
occurrence of the contents of the mini-buffer. Typing
the binding of history-incremental-search-forward
inverts the sense of the search. vi-repeat-search and
vi-rev-repeat-search are similarly supported. The
direction of the search is indicated in the mini-
buffer. Any multi-character string that is not bound
to one of the above functions will beep and interrupt
the search, leaving the last found line in the buffer.
Any single character that is not bound to one of the
above functions, or self-insert or self-insert-unmeta,
will have the same effect but the function will be exe-
cuted.
history-incremental-search-
forward (^S ^Xs) (unbound) (unbound)
Search forward incrementally for a specified string.
The search is case-insensitive if the search string
does not have uppercase letters and no numeric argument
was given. The string may begin with `^' to anchor the
search to the beginning of the line. The functions
available in the mini-buffer are the same as for
history-incremental-search-backward.
history-search-backward (ESC-P ESC-p) (unbound) (unbound)
Search backward in the history for a line beginning
with the first word in the buffer.
vi-history-search-backward (unbound) (/) (unbound)
Search backward in the history for a specified string.
The string may begin with `^' to anchor the search to
the beginning of the line. A restricted set of editing
functions is available in the mini-buffer. An interrupt
signal, as defined by the stty setting, will stop the
search. The functions available in the mini-buffer
are: accept-line, vi-cmd-mode (treated the same as
accept-line), backward-delete-char, vi-backward-
delete-char, backward-kill-word, vi-backward-kill-word,
clear-screen, redisplay, magic-space (treated as a
space), quoted-insert and vi-quoted-insert. Any string
that is bound to an out-string (via bindkey -s) will
behave as if out-string were typed directly. Any other
character that is not bound to self-insert or self-
insert-unmeta will beep and be ignored. If the function
is called from vi command mode, the bindings of the
current insert mode will be used.
history-search-forward (ESC-N ESC-n) (unbound) (unbound)
Search forward in the history for a line beginning with
the first word in the buffer.
vi-history-search-forward (unbound) (?) (unbound)
Search forward in the history for a specified string.
The string may begin with `^' to anchor the search to
the beginning of the line. The functions available in
the mini-buffer are the same as for vi-history-search-
backward.
infer-next-history (^X^N) (unbound) (unbound)
Search in the history list for a line matching the
current one and fetch the event following it.
insert-last-word (ESC-_ ESC-.) (unbound) (unbound)
Insert the last word from the previous history event at
the cursor position. If a positive numeric argument is
given, insert that word from the end of the previous
history event. If the argument is zero or negative
insert that word from the left (zero inserts the previ-
ous command word).
vi-repeat-search (unbound) (n) (unbound)
Repeat the last vi history search.
vi-rev-repeat-search (unbound) (N) (unbound)
Repeat the last vi history search, but in reverse.
up-line-or-history (^P ESC-[A) (k) (unbound)
Move up a line in the buffer, or if already at the top
line, move to the previous event in the history list.
vi-up-line-or-history (unbound) (-) (unbound)
Move up a line in the buffer, or if already at the top
line, move to the previous event in the history list.
Then move to the first non-blank character on the line.
up-line-or-search
Move up a line in the buffer, or if already at the top
line, search backward in the history for a line begin-
ning with the first word in the buffer.
up-history (unbound) (^P) (unbound)
Move to the previous event in the history list.
history-beginning-search-forward
Search forward in the history for a line beginning with
the current line up to the cursor. This leaves the
cursor in its original position.
Modifying Text
vi-add-eol (unbound) (A) (unbound)
Move to the end of the line and enter insert mode.
vi-add-next (unbound) (a) (unbound)
Enter insert mode after the current cursor position,
without changing lines.
backward-delete-char (^H ^?) (unbound) (unbound)
Delete the character behind the cursor.
vi-backward-delete-char (unbound) (X) (^H)
Delete the character behind the cursor, without chang-
ing lines. If in insert mode, this won't delete past
the point where insert mode was last entered.
backward-delete-word
Delete the word behind the cursor.
backward-kill-line
Kill from the beginning of the line to the cursor posi-
tion.
backward-kill-word (^W ESC-^H ESC-^?) (unbound) (unbound)
Kill the word behind the cursor.
vi-backward-kill-word (unbound) (unbound) (^W)
Kill the word behind the cursor, without going past the
point where insert mode was last entered.
capitalize-word (ESC-C ESC-c) (unbound) (unbound)
Capitalize the current word and move past it.
vi-change (unbound) (c) (unbound)
Read a movement command from the keyboard, and kill
from the cursor position to the endpoint of the move-
ment. Then enter insert mode. If the command is vi-
change, change the current line.
vi-change-eol (unbound) (C) (unbound)
Kill to the end of the line and enter insert mode.
vi-change-whole-line (unbound) (S) (unbound)
Kill the current line and enter insert mode.
copy-region-as-kill (ESC-W ESC-w) (unbound) (unbound)
Copy the area from the cursor to the mark to the kill
buffer.
copy-prev-word (ESC-^_) (unbound) (unbound)
Duplicate the word behind the cursor.
vi-delete (unbound) (d) (unbound)
Read a movement command from the keyboard, and kill
from the cursor position to the endpoint of the move-
ment. If the command is vi-delete, kill the current
line.
delete-char
Delete the character under the cursor.
vi-delete-char (unbound) (x) (unbound)
Delete the character under the cursor, without going
past the end of the line.
delete-word
Delete the current word.
down-case-word (ESC-L ESC-l) (unbound) (unbound)
Convert the current word to all lowercase and move past
it.
kill-word (ESC-D ESC-d) (unbound) (unbound)
Kill the current word.
gosmacs-transpose-chars
Exchange the two characters behind the cursor.
vi-indent (unbound) (>) (unbound)
Indent a number of lines.
vi-insert (unbound) (i) (unbound)
Enter insert mode.
vi-insert-bol (unbound) (I) (unbound)
Move to the first non-blank character on the line and
enter insert mode.
vi-join (^X^J) (J) (unbound)
Join the current line with the next one.
kill-line (^K) (unbound) (unbound)
Kill from the cursor to the end of the line. If
already on the end of the line, kill the newline char-
acter.
vi-kill-line (unbound) (unbound) (^U)
Kill from the cursor back to wherever insert mode was
last entered.
vi-kill-eol (unbound) (D) (unbound)
Kill from the cursor to the end of the line.
kill-region
Kill from the cursor to the mark.
kill-buffer (^X^K) (unbound) (unbound)
Kill the entire buffer.
kill-whole-line (^U) (unbound) (unbound)
Kill the current line.
vi-match-bracket (^X^B) (%) (unbound)
Move to the bracket character (one of {}, (), or [])
that matches the one under the cursor. If the cursor
is not on a bracket character, move forward without
going past the end of the line to find one, and then go
to the matching bracket.
vi-open-line-above (unbound) (O) (unbound)
Open a line above the cursor and enter insert mode.
vi-open-line-below (unbound) (o) (unbound)
Open a line below the cursor and enter insert mode.
vi-oper-swap-case
Read a movement command from the keyboard, and swap the
case of all characters from the cursor position to the
endpoint of the movement. If the movement command is
vi-oper-swap-case, swap the case of all characters on
the current line.
overwrite-mode (^X^O) (unbound) (unbound)
Toggle between overwrite mode and insert mode.
vi-put-before (unbound) (P) (unbound)
Insert the contents of the kill buffer before the cur-
sor. If the kill buffer contains a sequence of lines
(as opposed to characters), paste it above the current
line.
vi-put-after (unbound) (p) (unbound)
Insert the contents of the kill buffer after the cur-
sor. If the kill buffer contains a sequence of lines
(as opposed to characters), paste it below the current
line.
quoted-insert (^V) (unbound) (unbound)
Insert the next character typed into the buffer
literally. An interrupt character will not be
inserted.
vi-quoted-insert (unbound) (unbound) (^Q ^V)
Display a `^' at the cursor position, and insert the
next character typed into the buffer literally. An
interrupt character will not be inserted.
quote-line (ESC-') (unbound) (unbound)
Quote the current line; that is, put a ' character at
the beginning and the end, and convert all ' characters
to '\''.
quote-region (ESC-") (unbound) (unbound)
Quote the region from the cursor to the mark.
vi-replace (unbound) (R) (unbound)
Enter overwrite mode.
vi-repeat-change (unbound) (.) (unbound)
Repeat the last vi mode text modification. If a count
was used with the modification, it is remembered. If a
count is given to this command, it overrides the remem-
bered count, and is remembered for future uses of this
command. The cut buffer specification is similarly
remembered.
vi-replace-chars (unbound) (r) (unbound)
Replace the character under the cursor with a character
read from the keyboard.
ters and some control characters)
self-
insert (printable characters) (unbound) (printable charac-
Put a character in the buffer at the cursor position.
self-insert-unmeta (ESC-^I ESC-^J ESC-
^M) (unbound) (unbound)
Put a character in the buffer after stripping the meta
bit and converting ^M to ^J.
vi-substitute (unbound) (s) (unbound)
Substitute the next character(s).
vi-swap-case (unbound) (~) (unbound)
Swap the case of the character under the cursor and
move past it.
transpose-chars (^T) (unbound) (unbound)
Exchange the two characters to the left of the cursor
if at end of line, else exchange the character under
the cursor with the character to the left.
transpose-words (ESC-T ESC-t) (unbound) (unbound)
Exchange the current word with the one before it.
vi-unindent (unbound) (<) (unbound)
Unindent a number of lines.
up-case-word (ESC-U ESC-u) (unbound) (unbound)
Convert the current word to all caps and move past it.
yank (^Y) (unbound) (unbound)
Insert the contents of the kill buffer at the cursor
position.
yank-pop (ESC-y) (unbound) (unbound)
Remove the text just yanked, rotate the kill-ring, and
yank the new top. Only works following yank or yank-
pop.
vi-yank (unbound) (y) (unbound)
Read a movement command from the keyboard, and copy the
region from the cursor position to the endpoint of the
movement into the kill buffer. If the command is vi-
yank, copy the current line.
vi-yank-whole-line (unbound) (Y) (unbound)
Copy the current line into the kill buffer.
vi-yank-eol
Copy the region from the cursor position to the end of
the line into the kill buffer. Arguably, this is what
Y should do in vi, but it isn't what it actually does.
Arguments
digit-argument (ESC-0..ESC-9) (1-9) (unbound)
Start a new numeric argument, or add to the current
one. See also vi-digit-or-beginning-of-line.
neg-argument (ESC--) (unbound) (unbound)
Changes the sign of the following argument.
universal-argument
Multiply the argument of the next command by 4.
Completion
accept-and-menu-complete
In a menu completion, insert the current completion
into the buffer, and advance to the next possible com-
pletion.
complete-word
Attempt completion on the current word.
delete-char-or-list (^D) (unbound) (unbound)
Delete the character under the cursor. If the cursor
is at the end of the line, list possible completions
for the current word.
expand-cmd-path
Expand the current command to its full pathname.
expand-or-complete (TAB) (unbound) (TAB)
Attempt shell expansion on the current word. If that
fails, attempt completion.
expand-or-complete-prefix
Attempt shell expansion on the current word upto cur-
sor.
expand-history (ESC-space ESC-!) (unbound) (unbound)
Perform history expansion on the edit buffer.
expand-word (^X*) (unbound) (unbound)
Attempt shell expansion on the current word.
list-choices (ESC-^D) (^D =) (^D)
List possible completions for the current word.
list-expand (^Xg ^XG) (^G) (^G)
List the expansion of the current word.
magic-space
Perform history expansion and insert a space into the
buffer. This is intended to be bound to space.
menu-complete
Like complete-word, except that menu completion is
used. See the MENU_COMPLETE option below.
menu-expand-or-complete
Like expand-or-complete, except that menu completion is
used.
reverse-menu-complete
See the MENU_COMPLETE option below.
Miscellaneous
accept-and-hold (ESC-A ESC-a) (unbound) (unbound)
Push the contents of the buffer on the buffer stack and
execute it.
accept-and-infer-next-history
Execute the contents of the buffer. Then search the
history list for a line matching the current one and
push the event following onto the buffer stack.
accept-line (^J ^M) (^J ^M) (^J ^M)
Execute the contents of the buffer.
accept-line-and-down-history (^O) (unbound) (unbound)
Execute the current line, and push the next history
event on the the buffer stack.
vi-cmd-mode (^X^V) (unbound) (^[)
Enter command mode; that is, use the alternate keymap.
Yes, this is bound by default in emacs mode.
vi-caps-lock-panic
Hang until any lowercase key is pressed. This is for
vi users without the mental capacity to keep track of
their caps lock key (like the author).
clear-screen (^L ESC-^L) (^L) (^L)
Clear the screen and redraw the prompt.
describe-key-briefly
Waits for a keypress then prints the function bound to
the pressed key.
exchange-point-and-mark (^X^X) (unbound) (unbound)
Exchange the cursor position with the position of the
mark.
execute-named-cmd (ESC-x) (unbound) (unbound)
Read the name of an editor command and execute it. A
restricted set of editing functions is available in the
mini-buffer. An interrupt signal, as defined by the
stty setting, will abort the function. The allowed
functions are: backward-delete-char, vi-backward-
delete-char, clear-screen, redisplay, quoted-insert,
vi-quoted-insert, kill-region (kills the last word),
backward-kill-word, vi-backward-kill-word, kill-whole-
line, vi-kill-line, backward-kill-line, list-choices,
delete-char-or-list, complete-word, expand-or-complete,
expand-or-complete-prefix, accept-line and vi-cmd-mode
(treated the same as accept-line). The space and tab
characters, if not bound to one of these functions,
will complete the name and then list the possibilities
if the AUTO_LIST option is set. Any string that is
bound to an out-string (via bindkey -s) will behave as
if out-string were typed directly. Any other character
that is not bound to self-insert or self-insert-unmeta
will beep and be ignored. If the function is called
from vi command mode, the bindings of the current
insert mode will be used.
execute-last-named-cmd (ESC-z) (unbound) (unbound)
Redo the last function executed with execute-named-cmd.
get-line (ESC-G ESC-g) (unbound) (unbound)
Pop the top line off the buffer stack and insert it at
the cursor position.
pound-insert (unbound) (#) (unbound)
If there is no # character at the beginning of the
buffer, add one to the beginning of each line. If
there is one, remove a # from each line that has one.
In either case, accept the current line. The
INTERACTIVE_COMMENTS option must be set for this to
have any usefulness.
vi-pound-insert
If there is no # character at the beginning of the
current line, add one. If there is one, remove it.
The INTERACTIVE_COMMENTS option must be set for this to
have any usefulness.
push-input
Push the entire current multiline construct onto the
buffer stack and return to the top-level (PS1) prompt.
If the current parser construct is only a single line,
this is exactly like push-line. Next time the editor
starts up or is popped with get-line, the construct
will be popped off the top of the buffer stack and
loaded into the editing buffer.
push-line (^Q ESC-Q ESC-q) (unbound) (unbound)
Push the current buffer onto the buffer stack and clear
the buffer. Next time the editor starts up, the buffer
will be popped off the top of the buffer stack and
loaded into the editing buffer.
push-line-or-edit
At the top-level (PS1) prompt, equivalent to push-line.
At a secondary (PS2) prompt, move the entire current
multiline construct into the editor buffer. The latter
is equivalent to push-input followed by get-line.
redisplay (unbound) (^R) (^R)
Redisplays the edit buffer.
send-break (^G ESC-^G) (unbound) (unbound)
Abort the current editor function, eg. execute-named-
command, or the editor itself, eg. if you are in vared.
Otherwise abort the parsing of the current line.
run-help (ESC-H ESC-h) (unbound) (unbound)
Push the buffer onto the buffer stack, and execute the
command "run-help cmd", where cmd is the current com-
mand. run-help is normally aliased to man.
vi-set-buffer (unbound) (") (unbound)
Specify a buffer to be used in the following command.
There are 35 buffers that can be specified: the 26
`named' buffers "a to "z and the nine `queued' buffers
"1 to "9. The named buffers can also be specified as
"A to "Z. When a buffer is specified for a cut com-
mand, the text being cut replaces the previous contents
of the specified buffer. If a named buffer is speci-
fied using a capital, the newly cut text is appended to
the buffer instead of overwriting it. If no buffer is
specified for a cut command, "1 is used, and the con-
tents of "1 to "8 are each shifted along one buffer;
the contents of "9 is lost.
vi-set-mark (unbound) (m) (unbound)
Set the specified mark at the cursor position.
set-mark-command (^@) (unbound) (unbound)
Set the mark at the cursor position.
spell-word (ESC-$ ESC-S ESC-s) (unbound) (unbound)
Attempt spelling correction on the current word.
undefined-key (lots o' keys) (lots o' keys) (unbound)
Beep.
undo (^_ ^Xu ^X^U) (unbound) (unbound)
Incrementally undo the last text modification.
vi-undo-change (unbound) (u) (unbound)
Undo the last text modification. If repeated, redo the
modification.
where-is
Read the name of an editor command and and print the
listing of key sequences that invoke the specified com-
mand.
which-command (ESC-?) (unbound) (unbound)
Push the buffer onto the buffer stack, and execute the
command "which-command cmd", where cmd is the current
command. which-command is normally aliased to whence.
vi-digit-or-beginning-of-line (unbound) (0) (unbound)
If the last command executed was a digit as part of an
argument, continue the argument. Otherwise, execute
vi-beginning-of-line.
NOTES
Source for zsh is available in the SUNWzshS package.
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