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termcap - terminal capability data base
Entries in consist of a number of `:'-separated fields. The first entry for each terminal gives the names that are known for the terminal, separated by `|' characters. The first name given is the most common abbreviation for the terminal. The last name given should be a long name fully identifying the terminal, and all others are understood as synonyms for the terminal name. All names but the last should be in lower case and contain no blanks; the last name may well contain upper case characters and blanks for readability.
Terminal names (except for the last, verbose entry) should be chosen using the following conventions. The particular piece of hardware making up the terminal should have a root name chosen, thus ``hp2621'' This name should not contain hyphens. Modes that the hardware can be in or user preferences should be indicated by appending a hyphen and an indicator of the mode. Therefore, a ``vt100'' in 132-column mode would be ``vt100-w'' The following suffixes should be used where possible:
Suffix Meaning Example
-w Wide mode (more than 80 columns) vt100-w
-am With automatic margins (usually default) vt100-am
-nam Without automatic margins vt100-nam
- n Ta Number of lines on screen aaa-60
-na No arrow keys (leave them in local) concept100-na
- np Ta Number of pages of memory concept100-4p
-rv Reverse video concept100-rv
These are the boolean capabilities:
Boolean TCap Description
Variables Code
auto_left_margin bw cursor_left wraps from column 0 to last
column
auto_right_margin am terminal has automatic margins
no_esc_ctlc xb beehive (f1=escape, f2=ctrl C)
ceol_standout_glitch xs standout not erased by overwriting (hp)
eat_newline_glitch xn newline ignored after 80 cols (concept)
erase_overstrike eo can erase overstrikes with a blank
generic_type gn generic line type
hard_copy hc hardcopy terminal
has_meta_key km Has a meta key, sets msb high
has_status_line hs has extra status line
insert_null_glitch in insert mode distinguishes nulls
memory_above da display may be retained above the screen
memory_below db display may be retained below the screen
move_insert_mode mi safe to move while in insert mode
move_standout_mode ms safe to move while in standout mode
over_strike os terminal can overstrike
status_line_esc_ok es escape can be used on the status line
dest_tabs_magic_smso xt tabs destructive, magic so char (t1061)
tilde_glitch hz cannot print ~'s (hazeltine)
transparent_underline ul underline character overstrikes
xon_xoff xo terminal uses xon/xoff handshaking
needs_xon_xoff nx padding will not work, xon/xoff required
prtr_silent 5i printer will not echo on screen
hard_cursor HC cursor is hard to see
non_rev_rmcup NR enter_ca_mode does not reverse exit_ca_mode
no_pad_char NP pad character does not exist
non_dest_scroll_region ND scrolling region is non-destructive
can_change cc terminal can re-define existing colors
back_color_erase ut screen erased with background color
hue_lightness_saturation hl terminal uses only HLS color
notation (tektronix)
col_addr_glitch YA only positive motion for column address and
micro_column_address caps
cr_cancels_micro_mode YB using cr turns off micro mode
has_print_wheel YC printer needs operator to change character
set
row_addr_glitch YD only positive motion for row_address and
micro_row_address caps
semi_auto_right_margin YE printing in last column causes cr
cpi_changes_res YF changing character pitch changes resolution
lpi_changes_res YG changing line pitch changes resolution
These are the numeric capabilities:
Numeric TCap Description
Variables Code
columns co number of columns in aline
init_tabs it tabs initially every # spaces
lines li number of lines on screen or page
lines_of_memory lm lines of memory if > line. 0 => varies
magic_cookie_glitch sg number of blank chars left by
enter_standout_mode or exit_standout_mode
padding_baud_rate pb lowest baud rate where padding needed
virtual_terminal vt virtual terminal number (CB/unix)
width_status_line ws columns in status line
num_labels Nl number of labels on screen
label_height lh rows in each label
label_width lw columns in each label
max_attributes ma maximum combined attributes terminal can
handle
maximum_windows MW maximum number of definable windows
magic_cookie_glitch_ul ug number of blanks left by underline
#
# These came in with SVr4's color support
#
max_colors Co maximum numbers of colors on screen
max_pairs pa maximum number of color-pairs on the screen
no_color_video NC video attributes that cannot be used with
colors
#
# The following numeric capabilities are present in the SVr4.0 term
# structure, but are not yet documented in the man page.
# They came in with SVr4's printer support.
#
buffer_capacity Ya numbers of bytes buffered before printing
dot_vert_spacing Yb spacing of pins vertically in pins per inch
dot_horz_spacing Yc spacing of dots horizontally in dots per
inch
max_micro_address Yd maximum value in micro_..._address
max_micro_jump Ye maximum value in parm_..._micro
micro_char_size Yf character size when in micro mode
micro_line_size Yg line size when in micro mode
number_of_pins Yh numbers of pins in print-head
output_res_char Yi horizontal resolution in units per line
output_res_line Yj vertical resolution in units per line
output_res_horz_inch Yk horizontal resolution in units per inch
output_res_vert_inch Yl vertical resolution in units per inch
print_rate Ym print rate in chars per second
wide_char_size Yn character step size when in double wide
mode
buttons BT number of buttons on mouse
bit_image_entwining Yo number of passed for each bit-image row
bit_image_type Yp type of bit-image device
These are the string capabilities:
String TCap Description
Variables Code
back_tab bt back tab (P)
bell bl audible signal (bell) (P)
carriage_return cr carriage return (P*)
change_scroll_region cs change region to line #1 to line #2 (P)
clear_all_tabs ct clear all tab stops (P)
clear_screen cl clear screen and home cursor (P*)
clr_eol ce clear to end of line (P)
clr_eos cd clear to end of screen (P*)
column_address ch horizontal position #1, absolute (P)
command_character CC terminal settable cmd character in
prototype
cursor_address cm move to row #1 columns #2
cursor_down do down one line
cursor_home ho home cursor
cursor_invisible vi make cursor invisible
cursor_left le move left one space
cursor_mem_address CM memory relative cursor addressing
cursor_normal ve make cursor appear normal (undo
cursor_invisible/cursor_visible)
cursor_right nd move right one space
cursor_to_ll ll last line, first column
cursor_up up up one line
cursor_visible vs make cursor very visible
delete_character dc delete character (P*)
delete_line dl delete line (P*)
dis_status_line ds disable status line
down_half_line hd half a line down
enter_alt_charset_mode as start alternate character set (P)
enter_blink_mode mb turn on blinking
enter_bold_mode md turn on bold (extra bright) mode
enter_ca_mode ti string to start programs using
cursor_address
enter_delete_mode dm enter delete mode
enter_dim_mode mh turn on half-bright mode
enter_insert_mode im enter insert mode
enter_secure_mode mk turn on blank mode (characters invisible)
enter_protected_mode mp turn on protected mode
enter_reverse_mode mr turn on reverse video mode
enter_standout_mode so begin standout mode
enter_underline_mode us begin underline mode
erase_chars ec erase #1 characters (P)
exit_alt_charset_mode ae end alternate character set (P)
exit_attribute_mode me turn off all attributes
exit_ca_mode te strings to end programs using cup
exit_delete_mode ed end delete mode
exit_insert_mode ei exit insert mode
exit_standout_mode se exit standout mode
exit_underline_mode ue exit underline mode
flash_screen vb visible bell (may not move cursor)
form_feed ff hardcopy terminal page eject (P*)
from_status_line fs return from status line
init_1string i1 initialization string
init_2string is initialization string
init_3string i3 initialization string
init_file if name of initialization file
insert_character ic insert character (P)
insert_line al insert line (P*)
insert_padding ip insert padding after inserted character
key_backspace kb backspace key
key_catab ka clear-all-tabs key
key_clear kC clear-screen or erase key
key_ctab kt clear-tab key
key_dc kD delete-character key
key_dl kL delete-line key
key_down kd down-arrow key
key_eic kM sent by rmir or smir in insert mode
key_eol kE clear-to-end-of-line key
key_eos kS clear-to-end-of-screen key
key_f0 k0 F0 function key
key_f1 k1 F1 function key
key_f10 k; F10 function key
key_f2 k2 F2 function key
key_f3 k3 F3 function key
key_f4 k4 F4 function key
key_f5 k5 F5 function key
key_f6 k6 F6 function key
key_f7 k7 F7 function key
key_f8 k8 F8 function key
key_f9 k9 F9 function key
key_home kh home key
key_ic kI insert-character key
key_il kA insert-line key
key_left kl left-arrow key
key_ll kH last-line key
key_npage kN next-page key
key_ppage kP prev-page key
key_right kr right-arrow key
key_sf kF scroll-forward key
key_sr kR scroll-backward key
key_stab kT set-tab key
key_up ku up-arrow key
keypad_local ke leave 'keyboard_transmit' mode
keypad_xmit ks enter 'keyboard_transmit' mode
lab_f0 l0 label on function key f0 if not f0
lab_f1 l1 label on function key f1 if not f1
lab_f10 la label on function key f10 if not f10
lab_f2 l2 label on function key f2 if not f2
lab_f3 l3 label on function key f3 if not f3
lab_f4 l4 label on function key f4 if not f4
lab_f5 l5 label on function key f5 if not f5
lab_f6 l6 label on function key f6 if not f6
lab_f7 l7 label on function key f7 if not f7
lab_f8 l8 label on function key f8 if not f8
lab_f9 l9 label on function key f9 if not f9
meta_off mo turn off meta mode
meta_on mm turn on meta mode (8th-bit on)
newline nw newline (behave like cr followed by lf)
pad_char pc padding char (instead of null)
parm_dch DC delete #1 chars (P*)
parm_delete_line DL delete #1 lines (P*)
parm_down_cursor DO down #1 lines (P*)
parm_ich IC insert #1 chars (P*)
parm_index SF scroll forward #1 lines (P)
parm_insert_line AL insert #1 lines (P*)
parm_left_cursor LE move #1 chars to the left (P)
parm_right_cursor RI move #1 chars to the right (P*)
parm_rindex SR scroll back #1 lines (P)
parm_up_cursor UP up #1 lines (P*)
pkey_key pk program function key #1 to type string #2
pkey_local pl program function key #1 to execute
string #2
pkey_xmit px program function key #1 to transmit
string #2
print_screen ps print contents of screen
prtr_off pf turn off printer
prtr_on po turn on printer
repeat_char rp repeat char #1 #2 times (P*)
reset_1string r1 reset string
reset_2string r2 reset string
reset_3string r3 reset string
reset_file rf name of reset file
restore_cursor rc restore cursor to last position of
save_cursor
row_address cv vertical position #1 absolute (P)
save_cursor sc save current cursor position (P)
scroll_forward sf scroll text up (P)
scroll_reverse sr scroll text down (P)
set_attributes sa define video attributes #1-#9 (PG9)
set_tab st set a tab in every row, current columns
set_window wi current window is lines #1-#2 cols #3-#4
tab ta tab to next 8-space hardware tab stop
to_status_line ts move to status line
underline_char uc underline char and move past it
up_half_line hu half a line up
init_prog iP path name of program for initialization
key_a1 K1 upper left of keypad
key_a3 K3 upper right of keypad
key_b2 K2 center of keypad
key_c1 K4 lower left of keypad
key_c3 K5 lower right of keypad
prtr_non pO turn on printer for #1 bytes
termcap_init2 i2 secondary initialization string
termcap_reset rs terminal reset string
#
# SVr1 capabilities stop here. IBM's version of terminfo is the same as
# SVr4 up to this point, but has a different set afterwards.
#
char_padding rP like insert_padding but when in insert mode
acs_chars ac graphics charset pairs - def=vt100
plab_norm pn program label #1 to show string #2
key_btab kB back-tab key
enter_xon_mode SX turn on xon/xoff handshaking
exit_xon_mode RX turn off xon/xoff handshaking
enter_am_mode SA turn on automatic margins
exit_am_mode RA turn off automatic margins
xon_character XN XON character
xoff_character XF XOFF character
ena_acs eA enable alternate char set
label_on LO turn on soft labels
label_off LF turn off soft labels
key_beg @1 begin key
key_cancel @2 cancel key
key_close @3 close key
key_command @4 command key
key_copy @5 copy key
key_create @6 create key
key_end @7 end key
key_enter @8 enter/send key
key_exit @9 exit key
key_find @0 find key
key_help %1 help key
key_mark %2 mark key
key_message %3 message key
key_move %4 move key
key_next %5 next key
key_open %6 open key
key_options %7 options key
key_previous %8 previous key
key_print %9 print key
key_redo %0 redo key
key_reference &1 reference key
key_refresh &2 refresh key
key_replace &3 replace key
key_restart &4 restart key
key_resume &5 resume key
key_save &6 save key
key_suspend &7 suspend key
key_undo &8 undo key
key_sbeg &9 shifted key
key_scancel &0 shifted key
key_scommand *1 shifted key
key_scopy *2 shifted key
key_screate *3 shifted key
key_sdc *4 shifted key
key_sdl *5 shifted key
key_select *6 select key
key_send *7 shifted key
key_seol *8 shifted key
key_sexit *9 shifted key
key_sfind *0 shifted key
key_shelp #1 shifted key
key_shome #2 shifted key
key_sic #3 shifted key
key_sleft #4 shifted key
key_smessage %a shifted key
key_smove %b shifted key
key_snext %c shifted key
key_soptions %d shifted key
key_sprevious %e shifted key
key_sprint %f shifted key
key_sredo %g shifted key
key_sreplace %h shifted key
key_sright %i shifted key
key_srsume %j shifted key
key_ssave !1 shifted key
key_ssuspend !2 shifted key
key_sundo !3 shifted key
req_for_input RF send next input char (for ptys)
key_f11 F1 F11 function key
key_f12 F2 F12 function key
key_f13 F3 F13 function key
key_f14 F4 F14 function key
key_f15 F5 F15 function key
key_f16 F6 F16 function key
key_f17 F7 F17 function key
key_f18 F8 F18 function key
key_f19 F9 F19 function key
key_f20 FA F20 function key
key_f21 FB F21 function key
key_f22 FC F22 function key
key_f23 FD F23 function key
key_f24 FE F24 function key
key_f25 FF F25 function key
key_f26 FG F26 function key
key_f27 FH F27 function key
key_f28 FI F28 function key
key_f29 FJ F29 function key
key_f30 FK F30 function key
key_f31 FL F31 function key
key_f32 FM F32 function key
key_f33 FN F33 function key
key_f34 FO F34 function key
key_f35 FP F35 function key
key_f36 FQ F36 function key
key_f37 FR F37 function key
key_f38 FS F38 function key
key_f39 FT F39 function key
key_f40 FU F40 function key
key_f41 FV F41 function key
key_f42 FW F42 function key
key_f43 FX F43 function key
key_f44 FY F44 function key
key_f45 FZ F45 function key
key_f46 Fa F46 function key
key_f47 Fb F47 function key
key_f48 Fc F48 function key
key_f49 Fd F49 function key
key_f50 Fe F50 function key
key_f51 Ff F51 function key
key_f52 Fg F52 function key
key_f53 Fh F53 function key
key_f54 Fi F54 function key
key_f55 Fj F55 function key
key_f56 Fk F56 function key
key_f57 Fl F57 function key
key_f58 Fm F58 function key
key_f59 Fn F59 function key
key_f60 Fo F60 function key
key_f61 Fp F61 function key
key_f62 Fq F62 function key
key_f63 Fr F63 function key
clr_bol cb Clear to beginning of line
clear_margins MC clear right and left soft margins
set_left_margin ML set left soft margin
set_right_margin MR set right soft margin
label_format Lf label format
set_clock SC set clock, #1 hrs #2 mins #3 secs
display_clock DK display clock at (#1,#2)
remove_clock RC remove clock
create_window CW define a window #1 from #2, #3 to #4, #5
goto_window WG go to window #1
hangup HU hang-up phone
dial_phone DI dial number #1
quick_dial QD dial number #1 without checking
tone TO select touch tone dialing
pulse PU select pulse dialling
flash_hook fh flash switch hook
fixed_pause PA pause for 2-3 seconds
wait_tone WA wait for dial-tone
user0 u0 User string #0
user1 u1 User string #1
user2 u2 User string #2
user3 u3 User string #3
user4 u4 User string #4
user5 u5 User string #5
user6 u6 User string #6
user7 u7 User string #7
user8 u8 User string #8
user9 u9 User string #9
#
# SVr4 added these capabilities to support color
#
orig_pair op Set default pair to its original value
orig_colors oc Set all color pairs to the original ones
initialize_color Ic initialize color #1 to (#2,#3,#4)
initialize_pair Ip Initialize color pair #1 to fg=(#2,#3,#4),
bg=(#5,#6,#7)
set_color_pair sp Set current color pair to #1
set_foreground Sf Set foreground color #1
set_background Sb Set background color #1
#
# SVr4 added these capabilities to support printers
#
change_char_pitch ZA Change number of characters per inch
change_line_pitch ZB Change number of lines per inch
change_res_horz ZC Change horizontal resolution
change_res_vert ZD Change vertical resolution
define_char ZE Define a character
enter_doublewide_mode ZF Enter double-wide mode
enter_draft_quality ZG Enter draft-quality mode
enter_italics_mode ZH Enter italic mode
enter_leftward_mode ZI Start leftward carriage motion
enter_micro_mode ZJ Start micro-motion mode
enter_near_letter_quality ZK Enter NLQ mode
enter_normal_quality ZL Enter normal-quality mode
enter_shadow_mode ZM Enter shadow-print mode
enter_subscript_mode ZN Enter subscript mode
enter_superscript_mode ZO Enter superscript mode
enter_upward_mode ZP Start upward carriage motion
exit_doublewide_mode ZQ End double-wide mode
exit_italics_mode ZR End italic mode
exit_leftward_mode ZS End left-motion mode
exit_micro_mode ZT End micro-motion mode
exit_shadow_mode ZU End shadow-print mode
exit_subscript_mode ZV End subscript mode
exit_superscript_mode ZW End superscript mode
exit_upward_mode ZX End reverse character motion
micro_column_address ZY Like column_address in micro mode
micro_down ZZ Like cursor_down in micro mode
micro_left Za Like cursor_left in micro mode
micro_right Zb Like cursor_right in micro mode
micro_row_address Zc Like row_address in micro mode
micro_up Zd Like cursor_up in micro mode
order_of_pins Ze Match software bits to print-head pins
parm_down_micro Zf Like parm_down_cursor in micro mode
parm_left_micro Zg Like parm_left_cursor in micro mode
parm_right_micro Zh Like parm_right_cursor in micro mode
parm_up_micro Zi Like parm_up_cursor in micro mode
select_char_set Zj Select character set
set_bottom_margin Zk Set bottom margin at current line
set_bottom_margin_parm Zl Set bottom margin at line #1 or #2 lines
from bottom
set_left_margin_parm Zm Set left (right) margin at column #1 (#2)
set_right_margin_parm Zn Set right margin at column #1
set_top_margin Zo Set top margin at current line
set_top_margin_parm Zp Set top (bottom) margin at row #1 (#2)
start_bit_image Zq Start printing bit image graphics
start_char_set_def Zr Start character set definition
stop_bit_image Zs Stop printing bit image graphics
stop_char_set_def Zt End definition of character aet
subscript_characters Zu List of subscriptible characters
superscript_characters Zv List of superscriptible characters
these_cause_cr Zw Printing any of these chars causes CR
zero_motion Zx No motion for subsequent character
#
# The following string capabilities are present in the SVr4.0 term
# structure, but are not documented in the man page.
#
char_set_names Zy List of character set names
key_mouse Km Mouse event has occurred
mouse_info Mi Mouse status information
req_mouse_pos RQ Request mouse position
get_mouse Gm Curses should get button events
set_a_foreground AF Set ANSI foreground color
set_a_background AB Set ANSI background color
pkey_plab xl Program function key #1 to type string #2
and show string #3
device_type dv Indicate language/codeset support
code_set_init ci Init sequence for multiple codesets
set0_des_seq s0 Shift to code set 0 (EUC set 0, ASCII)
set1_des_seq s1 Shift to code set 1
set2_des_seq s2 Shift to code set 2
set3_des_seq s3 Shift to code set 3
set_lr_margin ML Set both left and right margins to #1, #2
set_tb_margin MT Sets both top and bottom margins to #1, #2
bit_image_repeat Xy Repeat bit image cell #1 #2 times
bit_image_newline Zz Move to next row of the bit image
bit_image_carriage_return Yv Move to beginning of same row
color_names Yw Give name for color #1
define_bit_image_region Yx Define rectangular bit image region
end_bit_image_region Yy End a bit-image region
set_color_band Yz Change to ribbon color #1
set_page_length YZ Set page length to #1 lines
#
# SVr4 added these capabilities for direct PC-clone support
#
display_pc_char S1 Display PC character
enter_pc_charset_mode S2 Enter PC character display mode
exit_pc_charset_mode S3 Exit PC character display mode
enter_scancode_mode S4 Enter PC scancode mode
exit_scancode_mode S5 Exit PC scancode mode
pc_term_options S6 PC terminal options
scancode_escape S7 Escape for scancode emulation
alt_scancode_esc S8 Alternate escape for scancode emulation
#
# The XSI Curses standard added these.
#
enter_horizontal_hl_mode Xh Enter horizontal highlight mode
enter_left_hl_mode Xl Enter left highlight mode
enter_low_hl_mode Xo Enter low highlight mode
enter_right_hl_mode Xr Enter right highlight mode
enter_top_hl_mode Xt Enter top highlight mode
enter_vertical_hl_mode Xv Enter vertical highlight mode
Obsolete termcap capabilities. New software should not rely on them at all.
Boolean TCap Description Variables Code linefeed_is_newline NL move down with ^J even_parity EP terminal requires even parity odd_parity OP terminal requires odd parity half_duplex HD terminal is half-duplex lower_case_only LC terminal has only lower case upper_case_only UC terminal has only upper case has_hardware_tabs pt has 8-char tabs invoked with ^I return_does_clr_eol xr return clears the line tek_4025_insert_line xx Tektronix 4025 insert-line glitch backspaces_with_bs bs uses ^H to move left crt_no_scrolling ns crt cannot scroll no_correctly_working_cr nc no way to go to start of line
Number TCap Description Variables Code backspace_delay dB padding required for ^H form_feed_delay dF padding required for ^L horizontal_tab_delay dT padding required for ^I vertical_tab_delay dV padding required for ^V number_of_function_keys kn count of function keys carriage_return_delay dC pad needed for CR new_line_delay dN pad needed for LF
String TCap Description
Variables Code
other_non_function_keys ko list of self-mapped keycaps
arrow_key_map ma map arrow keys
memory_lock_above ml lock visible screen memory above the
current line
memory_unlock mu unlock visible screen memory above the
current line
linefeed_if_not_lf nl use to move down
backspace_if_not_bs bc move left, if not ^H
ca|concept100|c100|concept|c104|concept100-4p|HDS Concept-100:\
:al=3*\E^R:am:bl=^G:cd=16*\E^C:ce=16\E^U:cl=2*^L:cm=\Ea%+ %+ :\
:co#80:.cr=9^M:db:dc=16\E^A:dl=3*\E^B:do=^J:ei=\E\200:eo:im=\E^P:in:\
:ip=16*:is=\EU\Ef\E7\E5\E8\El\ENH\EK\E\200\Eo&\200\Eo\47\E:k1=\E5:\
:k2=\E6:k3=\E7:kb=^h:kd=\E<:ke=\Ex:kh=\E?:kl=\E>:kr=\E=:ks=\EX:\
:ku=\E;:le=^H:li#24:mb=\EC:me=\EN\200:mh=\EE:mi:mk=\EH:mp=\EI:\
:mr=\ED:nd=\E=:pb#9600:rp=0.2*\Er%.%+ :se=\Ed\Ee:sf=^J:so=\EE\ED:\
:.ta=8\t:te=\Ev \200\200\200\200\200\200\Ep\r\n:\
:ti=\EU\Ev 8p\Ep\r:ue=\Eg:ul:up=\E;:us=\EG:\
:vb=\Ek\200\200\200\200\200\200\200\200\200\200\200\200\200\200\EK:\
:ve=\Ew:vs=\EW:vt#8:xn:\
:bs:cr=^M:dC#9:dT#8:nl=^J:ta=^I:pt:
Entries may continue onto multiple lines by giving a \ as the last character of a line, and empty fields may be included for readability (here between the last field on a line and the first field on the next). Comments may be included on lines beginning with ``#''
Numeric capabilities are followed by the character `#' then the value. In the example above co which indicates the number of columns the display has, gives the value `80' for the Concept.
Finally, string-valued capabilities, such as ce (clear-to-end-of-line sequence) are given by the two-letter code, an `=', then a string ending at the next following `:'. A delay in milliseconds may appear after the `=' in such a capability, which causes padding characters to be supplied by tputs(3) after the remainder of the string is sent to provide this delay. The delay can be either a number, such as `20', or a number followed by an `*', such as `3*'. An `*' indicates that the padding required is proportional to the number of lines affected by the operation, and the amount given is the per-affected-line padding required. (In the case of insert-character, the factor is still the number of lines affected; this is always 1 unless the terminal has in and the software uses it.) When an `*' is specified, it is sometimes useful to give a delay of the form `3.5' to specify a delay per line to tenths of milliseconds. (Only one decimal place is allowed.)
A number of escape sequences are provided in the string-valued capabilities for easy encoding of control characters there. \E maps to an ESC character, ^X maps to a control-X for any appropriate X, and the sequences \n \r \t \b \f map to linefeed, return, tab, backspace, and formfeed, respectively. Finally, characters may be given as three octal digits after a \ and the characters ^ and \ may be given as \^ and \\ If it is necessary to place a : in a capability it must be escaped as \: or be encoded as \072 If it is necessary to place a NUL character in a string capability it must be encoded as \200 (The routines that deal with use C strings and strip the high bits of the output very late, so that a \200 comes out as a \000 would.)
Sometimes individual capabilities must be commented out. To do this, put a period before the capability name. For example, see the first cr and ta in the example above.
To get the padding for insert-line right (if the terminal manufacturer did not document it), a severe test is to use vi1 to edit /etc/passwd at 9600 baud, delete roughly 16 lines from the middle of the screen, then hit the `u' key several times quickly. If the display messes up, more padding is usually needed. A similar test can be used for insert-character.
If there is a code (such as backspace) to move the cursor one position to the left, that capability should be given as le Similarly, codes to move to the right, up, and down should be given as nd up and do respectively. These local cursor motions should not alter the text they pass over; for example, you would not normally use ``nd= '' unless the terminal has the os capability, because the space would erase the character moved over.
A very important point here is that the local cursor motions encoded in have undefined behavior at the left and top edges of a CRT display. Programs should never attempt to backspace around the left edge, unless bw is given, and never attempt to go up off the top using local cursor motions.
In order to scroll text up, a program goes to the bottom left corner of the screen and sends the sf (index) string. To scroll text down, a program goes to the top left corner of the screen and sends the sr (reverse index) string. The strings sf and sr have undefined behavior when not on their respective corners of the screen. Parameterized versions of the scrolling sequences are SF and SR which have the same semantics as sf and sr except that they take one parameter and scroll that many lines. They also have undefined behavior except at the appropriate corner of the screen.
The am capability tells whether the cursor sticks at the right edge of the screen when text is output there, but this does not necessarily apply to nd from the last column. Leftward local motion is defined from the left edge only when bw is given; then an le from the left edge will move to the right edge of the previous row. This is useful for drawing a box around the edge of the screen, for example. If the terminal has switch-selectable automatic margins, the description usually assumes that this feature is on, i.e . am If the terminal has a command that moves to the first column of the next line, that command can be given as nw (newline). It is permissible for this to clear the remainder of the current line, so if the terminal has no correctly-working CR and LF it may still be possible to craft a working nw out of one or both of them.
These capabilities suffice to describe hardcopy and ``glass-tty'' terminals. Thus the Teletype model 33 is described as
T3|tty33|33|tty|Teletype model 33:\
:bl=^G:co#72:cr=^M:do=^J:hc:os:
and the Lear Siegler ADM -3 is described as
l3|adm3|3|LSI ADM-3:\ :am:bl=^G:cl=^Z:co#80:cr=^M:do=^J:le=^H:li#24:sf=^J:
The % encodings have the following meanings:
Consider the Hewlett-Packard 2645, which, to get to row 3 and column 12, needs
to be sent
``\E&a12c03Y''
padded for 6 milliseconds.
Note that the order
of the row and column coordinates is reversed here
and that the row and column
are sent as two-digit integers.
Thus its
cm
capability is
``cm=6\E&%r%2c%2Y
''
The Datamedia 2500 needs the current row and column sent encoded in binary using ``%.'' Terminals that use ``%.'' need to be able to backspace the cursor (le ) and to move the cursor up one line on the screen (up ) This is necessary because it is not always safe to transmit \n ^D and \r as the system may change or discard them. (Programs using must set terminal modes so that tabs are not expanded, so \t is safe to send. This turns out to be essential for the Ann Arbor 4080.)
A final example is the Lear Siegler ADM -3a which offsets row and column by a blank character, thus ``cm=\E=%+ %+ ''
Row or column absolute cursor addressing can be given as single parameter capabilities ch (horizontal position absolute) and cv (vertical position absolute). Sometimes these are shorter than the more general two-parameter sequence (as with the Hewlett-Packard 2645) and can be used in preference to cm If there are parameterized local motions ( e.g move n positions to the right) these can be given as DO LE RI and UP with a single parameter indicating how many positions to move. These are primarily useful if the terminal does not have cm such as the Tektronix 4025.
If the terminal has a fast way to home the cursor (to the very upper left corner of the screen), this can be given as ho Similarly, a fast way of getting to the lower left-hand corner can be given as ll this may involve going up with up from the home position, but a program should never do this itself (unless ll does), because it can make no assumption about the effect of moving up from the home position. Note that the home position is the same as cursor address (0,0): to the top left corner of the screen, not of memory. (Therefore, the ``\EH'' sequence on Hewlett-Packard terminals cannot be used for ho .
If the terminal has the ability to define a window as part of memory which all commands affect, it should be given as the parameterized string wi The four parameters are the starting and ending lines in memory and the starting and ending columns in memory, in that order. (This terminfo(5) capability is described for completeness. It is unlikely that any -using program will support it.)
If the terminal can retain display memory above the screen, then the da capability should be given; if display memory can be retained below, then db should be given. These indicate that deleting a line or scrolling may bring non-blank lines up from below or that scrolling back with sr may bring down non-blank lines.
The entries can describe both terminals that have an insert mode and terminals that send a simple sequence to open a blank position on the current line. Give as im the sequence to get into insert mode. Give as ei the sequence to leave insert mode. Now give as ic any sequence that needs to be sent just before each character to be inserted. Most terminals with a true insert mode will not give ic terminals that use a sequence to open a screen position should give it here. (If your terminal has both, insert mode is usually preferable to ic Do not give both unless the terminal actually requires both to be used in combination.) If post-insert padding is needed, give this as a number of milliseconds in ip (a string option). Any other sequence that may need to be sent after insertion of a single character can also be given in ip If your terminal needs to be placed into an `insert mode' and needs a special code preceding each inserted character, then both im / ei and ic can be given, and both will be used. The IC capability, with one parameter n will repeat the effects of ic n times.
It is occasionally necessary to move around while in insert mode to delete characters on the same line ( e.g if there is a tab after the insertion position). If your terminal allows motion while in insert mode, you can give the capability mi to speed up inserting in this case. Omitting mi will affect only speed. Some terminals (notably Datamedia's) must not have mi because of the way their insert mode works.
Finally, you can specify dc to delete a single character, DC with one parameter n to delete n characters, and delete mode by giving dm and ed to enter and exit delete mode (which is any mode the terminal needs to be placed in for dc to work).
Codes to begin underlining and end underlining can be given as us and ue respectively. Underline mode change garbage is specified by ug similar to sg If the terminal has a code to underline the current character and move the cursor one position to the right, such as the Microterm Mime, this can be given as uc
Other capabilities to enter various highlighting modes include mb (blinking), md (bold or extra bright), mh (dim or half-bright), mk (blanking or invisible text), mp (protected), mr (reverse video), me (turn off all attribute modes), as (enter alternate character set mode), and ae (exit alternate character set mode). Turning on any of these modes singly may or may not turn off other modes.
If there is a sequence to set arbitrary combinations of mode, this should be given as sa (set attributes), taking 9 parameters. Each parameter is either 0 or 1, as the corresponding attributes is on or off. The 9 parameters are, in order: standout, underline, reverse, blink, dim, bold, blank, protect, and alternate character set. Not all modes need be supported by sa only those for which corresponding attribute commands exist. (It is unlikely that a -using program will support this capability, which is defined for compatibility with terminfo(5).)
Terminals with the ``magic cookie'' glitches ( sg and ug ) rather than maintaining extra attribute bits for each character cell, instead deposit special ``cookies'' or ``garbage characters'' when they receive mode-setting sequences, which affect the display algorithm.
Some terminals, such as the Hewlett-Packard 2621, automatically leave standout mode when they move to a new line or when the cursor is addressed. Programs using standout mode should exit standout mode on such terminals before moving the cursor or sending a newline. On terminals where this is not a problem, the ms capability should be present to say that this overhead is unnecessary.
If the terminal has a way of flashing the screen to indicate an error quietly (a bell replacement), this can be given as vb it must not move the cursor.
If the cursor needs to be made more visible than normal when it is not on the bottom line (to change, for example, a non-blinking underline into an easier-to-find block or blinking underline), give this sequence as vs If there is a way to make the cursor completely invisible, give that as vi The capability ve which undoes the effects of both of these modes, should also be given.
If your terminal correctly displays underlined characters (with no special codes needed) even though it does not overstrike, then you should give the capability ul If overstrikes are erasable with a blank, this should be indicated by giving eo
The ma entry is also used to indicate arrow keys on terminals that have single-character arrow keys. It is obsolete but still in use in version 2 of vi which must be run on some minicomputers due to memory limitations. This field is redundant with kl kr ku kd and kh It consists of groups of two characters. In each group, the first character is what an arrow key sends, and the second character is the corresponding vi command. These commands are h for kl j for kd k for ku l for kr and H for kh For example, the Mime would have ``ma=^Hh^Kj^Zk^Xl indicating arrow keys left (^H), down (^K), up (^Z), and right (^X). '' (There is no home key on the Mime.)
Other capabilities include is an initialization string for the terminal, and if the name of a file containing long initialization strings. These strings are expected to set the terminal into modes consistent with the rest of the description. They are normally sent to the terminal by the tset(1) program each time the user logs in. They will be printed in the following order: is setting tabs using ct and st and finally if ( Terminfo uses i1-i2 instead of is and runs the program iP and prints i3 after the other initializations.) A pair of sequences that does a harder reset from a totally unknown state can be analogously given as rs and if These strings are output by the reset(1) program, which is used when the terminal gets into a wedged state. ( Terminfo uses r1-r3 instead of rs . Commands are normally placed in rs and rf only if they produce annoying effects on the screen and are not necessary when logging in. For example, the command to set the VT100 into 80-column mode would normally be part of is but it causes an annoying glitch of the screen and is not normally needed since the terminal is usually already in 80-column mode.
If the terminal has hardware tabs, the command to advance to the next tab stop can be given as ta (usually ^I ) A ``backtab'' command which moves leftward to the previous tab stop can be given as bt By convention, if the terminal driver modes indicate that tab stops are being expanded by the computer rather than being sent to the terminal, programs should not use ta or bt even if they are present, since the user may not have the tab stops properly set. If the terminal has hardware tabs that are initially set every n positions when the terminal is powered up, then the numeric parameter it is given, showing the number of positions between tab stops. This is normally used by the tset(1) command to determine whether to set the driver mode for hardware tab expansion, and whether to set the tab stops. If the terminal has tab stops that can be saved in nonvolatile memory, the description can assume that they are properly set.
If there are commands to set and clear tab stops, they can be given as ct (clear all tab stops) and st (set a tab stop in the current column of every row). If a more complex sequence is needed to set the tabs than can be described by this, the sequence can be placed in is or if
If the terminal has commands to save and restore the position of the cursor, give them as sc and rc
If the terminal has an extra ``status line'' that is not normally used by software, this fact can be indicated. If the status line is viewed as an extra line below the bottom line, then the capability hs should be given. Special strings to go to a position in the status line and to return from the status line can be given as ts and fs ( fs must leave the cursor position in the same place that it was before ts If necessary, the sc and rc strings can be included in ts and fs to get this effect.) The capability ts takes one parameter, which is the column number of the status line to which the cursor is to be moved. If escape sequences and other special commands such as tab work while in the status line, the flag es can be given. A string that turns off the status line (or otherwise erases its contents) should be given as ds The status line is normally assumed to be the same width as the rest of the screen, i.e . co If the status line is a different width (possibly because the terminal does not allow an entire line to be loaded), then its width in columns can be indicated with the numeric parameter ws
If the terminal can move up or down half a line, this can be indicated with hu (half-line up) and hd (half-line down). This is primarily useful for superscripts and subscripts on hardcopy terminals. If a hardcopy terminal can eject to the next page (form feed), give this as ff (usually ^L )
If there is a command to repeat a given character a given number of times (to save time transmitting a large number of identical characters), this can be indicated with the parameterized string rp The first parameter is the character to be repeated and the second is the number of times to repeat it. (This is a terminfo(5) feature that is unlikely to be supported by a program that uses .
If the terminal has a settable command character, such as the Tektronix 4025, this can be indicated with CC A prototype command character is chosen which is used in all capabilities. This character is given in the CC capability to identify it. The following convention is supported on some UNIX systems: The environment is to be searched for a CC variable, and if found, all occurrences of the prototype character are replaced by the character in the environment variable. This use of the CC environment variable is a very bad idea, as it conflicts with make(1).
Terminal descriptions that do not represent a specific kind of known terminal, such as switch dialup patch and network should include the gn (generic) capability so that programs can complain that they do not know how to talk to the terminal. (This capability does not apply to virtual terminal descriptions for which the escape sequences are known.)
If the terminal uses xoff/xon (DC3 / DC1 ) handshaking for flow control, give xo Padding information should still be included so that routines can make better decisions about costs, but actual pad characters will not be transmitted.
If the terminal has a ``meta key'' which acts as a shift key, setting the 8th bit of any character transmitted, then this fact can be indicated with km Otherwise, software will assume that the 8th bit is parity and it will usually be cleared. If strings exist to turn this ``meta mode'' on and off, they can be given as mm and mo
If the terminal has more lines of memory than will fit on the screen at once, the number of lines of memory can be indicated with lm An explicit value of 0 indicates that the number of lines is not fixed, but that there is still more memory than fits on the screen.
If the terminal is one of those supported by the UNIX system virtual terminal protocol, the terminal number can be given as vt
Media copy strings which control an auxiliary printer connected to the terminal can be given as ps print the contents of the screen; pf turn off the printer; and po turn on the printer. When the printer is on, all text sent to the terminal will be sent to the printer. It is undefined whether the text is also displayed on the terminal screen when the printer is on. A variation pO takes one parameter and leaves the printer on for as many characters as the value of the parameter, then turns the printer off. The parameter should not exceed 255. All text, including pf is transparently passed to the printer while pO is in effect.
Strings to program function keys can be given as pk pl and px Each of these strings takes two parameters: the function key number to program (from 0 to 9) and the string to program it with. Function key numbers out of this range may program undefined keys in a terminal-dependent manner. The differences among the capabilities are that pk causes pressing the given key to be the same as the user typing the given string; pl causes the string to be executed by the terminal in local mode; and px causes the string to be transmitted to the computer. Unfortunately, due to lack of a definition for string parameters in , only terminfo(5) supports these capabilities.
The nc capability, now obsolete, formerly indicated Datamedia terminals, which echo \r \n for carriage return then ignore a following linefeed.
Terminals that ignore a linefeed immediately after an am wrap, such as the Concept, should indicate xn
If ce is required to get rid of standout (instead of merely writing normal text on top of it), xs should be given.
Teleray terminals, where tabs turn all characters moved over to blanks, should indicate xt (destructive tabs). This glitch is also taken to mean that it is not possible to position the cursor on top of a ``magic cookie'' and that to erase standout mode it is necessary to use delete and insert line.
The Beehive Superbee, which is unable to correctly transmit the ESC or ^C characters, has xb indicating that the ``f1'' key is used for ESC and ``f2'' for ^C. (Only certain Superbees have this problem, depending on the ROM .
Other specific terminal problems may be corrected by adding more capabilities of the form x x
hn|2621-nl:ks@:ke@:tc=2621:
defines a ``2621-nl'' that does not have the ks or ke capabilities, hence does not turn on the function key labels when in visual mode. This is useful for different modes for a terminal, or for different user preferences.
Lines and columns are now stored by the kernel as well as in the termcap entry. Most programs now use the kernel information primarily; the information in this file is used only if the kernel does not have any information.
The vi1 program allows only 256 characters for string capabilities, and the routines in termlib(3) do not check for overflow of this buffer. The total length of a single entry (excluding only escaped newlines) may not exceed 1024.
Not all programs support all entries.
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