Руководство FreeBSD для разработчиков

находится в процессе написания

/usr/src
cc
MAINTAINER
gdb
.emacs
/usr/src
/usr/src
bin/
/bin
contrib/
crypto/
etc/
/etc
games/
/usr/games
gnu/
include/
/usr/include
kerberosIV/
kerberos5/
lib/
/usr/lib
libexec/
/usr/libexec
release/
sbin/
/sbin
secure/
share/
/usr/share
sys/
tools/
usr.bin/
/usr/bin
usr.sbin/
/usr/sbin
sed
awk
sh
csh
# pkg_add имя пакаджа

evel/kdevelop
cc
cc
gcc
cc
% cc foobar.c

foobar.c
% cc foo.c bar.c

cc
cc
a.out
% cc foobar.c               выполнимый файл называется a.out
% cc -o foobar foobar.c     выполнимый файл называется foobar

Makefile
% cc -c foobar.c

foobar.o
% cc -g foobar.c

cc
% cc -O -o foobar foobar.c

foobar
cc
cc
cc
cc
cc
cc
% cc -Wall -ansi -pedantic -o foobar foobar.c

foobar.c
foobar
libsomething.a
cc
libm.a
cc
% cc -o foobar foobar.c -lm

foobar
cc
c++
c++
g++
% cc -o foobar foobar.cc -lg++     For FreeBSD 2.1.6 and earlier
% cc -o foobar foobar.cc -lstdc++  For FreeBSD 2.2 and later
% c++ -o foobar foobar.cc

foobar.cc
foobar
.C
.cxx
.cc
.cpp
gcc
.cpp
cc
foobar.c
foobar
foobar
ls
foobar
test
core dumped
segmentation fault
bus error
/var/tmp/cc0143941.o: Undefined symbol `_sin' referenced from text segment

cc
% cc -o foobar foobar.c -lm

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
    float f;

    f = pow(2.1, 6);
    printf("2.1 ^ 6 = %f\n", f);
    return 0;
}

% cc temp.c -lm

% ./a.out
2.1 ^ 6 = 1023.000000

math.h
#include <math.h>
#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
...

% ./a.out
2.1 ^ 6 = 85.766121

math.h
foobar.c
foobar
cc
a.out
% cc -o foobar foobar.c

foobar
ls
foobar
./foobar
foobar
PATH
bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin:.

test
/usr/bin
test
% ./test

core dumped
core
gdb
segmentation fault
char *foo = NULL;
strcpy(foo, "bang!");

char *foo;
strcpy(foo, "bang!");

int bar[20];
bar[27] = 6;

char *foo = "My string";
strcpy(foo, "bang!");

char bar[80];
free(bar);

char *foo = malloc(27);
free(foo);
free(foo);

bus error
% ps

% kill -ABRT pid

gcore
make
% cc file1.c file2.c

% cc file1.o file2.o ... file37.c ...

file37.c
make
fromboz.o
fromboz.c
fromboz.c
makefile
Makefile
MAKEFILE
Makefile
make
foo: foo.c
    cc -o foo foo.c

make
foo
foo
foo.c
foo
foo.c
foo.c
foo
foo
make
foo.c
foo
foo.c
Makefile
foo: foo.c
    cc -o foo foo.c

install:
    cp foo /home/me

% make target

make
foo
foo
make
touch
#include <stdio.h>
#include "foo.h"

int main(....

foo.h
Makefile
foo: foo.c foo.h

gcc
depend:
    gcc -E -MM *.c > .depend

.depend
foo.o: foo.c foo.h

foo.h
make
foo.h
make depend
Makefile
MASTER_SITES=   ftp://freefall.cdrom.com/pub/FreeBSD/LOCAL_PORTS/
DISTFILES=      scheme-microcode+dist-7.3-freebsd.tgz

.include <bsd.port.mk>

make
make
bsd.port.mk
make
/usr/share/mk
make
Make
make
/usr/share/doc/psd/12.make
% zmore paper.ascii.gz

gmake
dir
/usr/local/info
 * Make: (make).                 The GNU Make utility.

gdb
% gdb progname

M-x gdb RET progname RET

gdb
gdb
gdb
... (no debugging symbols found) ...

gdb
gdb
n
s
f
up
down
gdb
#include <stdio.h>

int bazz(int anint);

main() {
    int i;

    printf("This is my program\n");
    bazz(i);
    return 0;
}

int bazz(int anint) {
    printf("You gave me %d\n", anint);
    return anint;
}

% cc -g -o temp temp.c
% ./temp
This is my program
anint = 4231

% gdb temp
GDB is free software and you are welcome to distribute copies of it
 under certain conditions; type "show copying" to see the conditions.
There is absolutely no warranty for GDB; type "show warranty" for details.
GDB 4.13 (i386-unknown-freebsd), Copyright 1994 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
(gdb) break main               Пропуск начального кода
Breakpoint 1 at 0x160f: file temp.c, line 9.    gdb устанавливает точку останова в main()
(gdb) run                   Запуск до вызова main()
Starting program: /home/james/tmp/temp      Программа начинает работать

Breakpoint 1, main () at temp.c:9       gdb останавливается в main()
(gdb) n                       Переход к следующей строке
This is my program              Программа выводит
(gdb) s                       Переход в bazz()
bazz (anint=4231) at temp.c:17          gdb выводит стек вызовов
(gdb)

(gdb) up                   Переход вверх по стеку вызовов
#1  0x1625 in main () at temp.c:11      gdb выводит стек вызовов
(gdb) p i                   Вывод значения переменной i
$1 = 4231                   gdb выводит 4231

...
main() {
    int i;

    i = 5;
    printf("This is my program\n");
...

gdb
up
down
progname.core
core
gdb
break
run
(gdb) core progname.core

% gdb a.out
GDB is free software and you are welcome to distribute copies of it
 under certain conditions; type "show copying" to see the conditions.
There is absolutely no warranty for GDB; type "show warranty" for details.
GDB 4.13 (i386-unknown-freebsd), Copyright 1994 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
(gdb) core a.out.core
Core was generated by `a.out'.
Program terminated with signal 11, Segmentation fault.
Cannot access memory at address 0x7020796d.
#0  0x164a in bazz (anint=0x5) at temp.c:17
(gdb)

a.out
a.out.core
bt
gdb
(gdb) bt
#0  0x164a in bazz (anint=0x5) at temp.c:17
#1  0xefbfd888 in end ()
#2  0x162c in main () at temp.c:11
(gdb)

gdb
gdb
ps
(gdb) attach pid

gdb
gdb
...
if ((pid = fork()) < 0)     /* _Always_ check this */
    error();
else if (pid == 0) {        /* child */
    int PauseMode = 1;

    while (PauseMode)
        sleep(10);  /* Wait until someone attaches to us */
    ...
} else {            /* parent */
    ...

info
gdb
C-x C-c
C-z
.emacs
.emacs
.emacs
.emacs
M-n
M-p
C-c C-c
% emacsclient filename

.emacs
;; -*-Emacs-Lisp-*-

;; This file is designed to be re-evaled; use the variable first-time
;; to avoid any problems with this.
(defvar first-time t 
  "Flag signifying this is the first time that .emacs has been evaled")

;; Meta
(global-set-key "\M- " 'set-mark-command)
(global-set-key "\M-\C-h" 'backward-kill-word)
(global-set-key "\M-\C-r" 'query-replace)
(global-set-key "\M-r" 'replace-string)
(global-set-key "\M-g" 'goto-line)
(global-set-key "\M-h" 'help-command)

;; Function keys
(global-set-key [f1] 'manual-entry)
(global-set-key [f2] 'info)
(global-set-key [f3] 'repeat-complex-command)
(global-set-key [f4] 'advertised-undo)
(global-set-key [f5] 'eval-current-buffer)
(global-set-key [f6] 'buffer-menu)
(global-set-key [f7] 'other-window)
(global-set-key [f8] 'find-file)
(global-set-key [f9] 'save-buffer)
(global-set-key [f10] 'next-error)
(global-set-key [f11] 'compile)
(global-set-key [f12] 'grep)
(global-set-key [C-f1] 'compile)
(global-set-key [C-f2] 'grep)
(global-set-key [C-f3] 'next-error)
(global-set-key [C-f4] 'previous-error)
(global-set-key [C-f5] 'display-faces)
(global-set-key [C-f8] 'dired)
(global-set-key [C-f10] 'kill-compilation)

;; Keypad bindings
(global-set-key [up] "\C-p")
(global-set-key [down] "\C-n")
(global-set-key [left] "\C-b")
(global-set-key [right] "\C-f")
(global-set-key [home] "\C-a")
(global-set-key [end] "\C-e")
(global-set-key [prior] "\M-v")
(global-set-key [next] "\C-v")
(global-set-key [C-up] "\M-\C-b")
(global-set-key [C-down] "\M-\C-f")
(global-set-key [C-left] "\M-b")
(global-set-key [C-right] "\M-f")
(global-set-key [C-home] "\M-<")
(global-set-key [C-end] "\M->")
(global-set-key [C-prior] "\M-<")
(global-set-key [C-next] "\M->")

;; Mouse
(global-set-key [mouse-3] 'imenu)

;; Misc
(global-set-key [C-tab] "\C-q\t")   ; Control tab quotes a tab.
(setq backup-by-copying-when-mismatch t)

;; Treat 'y' or <CR> as yes, 'n' as no.
(fset 'yes-or-no-p 'y-or-n-p)
    (define-key query-replace-map [return] 'act)
    (define-key query-replace-map [?\C-m] 'act)

;; Load packages
(require 'desktop)
(require 'tar-mode)

;; Pretty diff mode
(autoload 'ediff-buffers "ediff" "Intelligent Emacs interface to diff" t)
(autoload 'ediff-files "ediff" "Intelligent Emacs interface to diff" t)
(autoload 'ediff-files-remote "ediff"
  "Intelligent Emacs interface to diff")

(if first-time
    (setq auto-mode-alist
      (append '(("\\.cpp$" . c++-mode)
            ("\\.hpp$" . c++-mode)
                    ("\\.lsp$" . lisp-mode)
            ("\\.scm$" . scheme-mode)
            ("\\.pl$" . perl-mode)
            ) auto-mode-alist)))

;; Auto font lock mode
(defvar font-lock-auto-mode-list 
  (list 'c-mode 'c++-mode 'c++-c-mode 'emacs-lisp-mode 'lisp-mode 'perl-mode 'scheme-mode)
  "List of modes to always start in font-lock-mode")

(defvar font-lock-mode-keyword-alist
  '((c++-c-mode . c-font-lock-keywords)
    (perl-mode . perl-font-lock-keywords))
  "Associations between modes and keywords")

(defun font-lock-auto-mode-select ()
  "Automatically select font-lock-mode if the current major mode is
in font-lock-auto-mode-list"
  (if (memq major-mode font-lock-auto-mode-list) 
      (progn
    (font-lock-mode t))
    )
  )

(global-set-key [M-f1] 'font-lock-fontify-buffer)

;; New dabbrev stuff
;(require 'new-dabbrev)
(setq dabbrev-always-check-other-buffers t)
(setq dabbrev-abbrev-char-regexp "\\sw\\|\\s_")
(add-hook 'emacs-lisp-mode-hook
      '(lambda () 
         (set (make-local-variable 'dabbrev-case-fold-search) nil)
         (set (make-local-variable 'dabbrev-case-replace) nil)))
(add-hook 'c-mode-hook
      '(lambda () 
         (set (make-local-variable 'dabbrev-case-fold-search) nil)
         (set (make-local-variable 'dabbrev-case-replace) nil)))
(add-hook 'text-mode-hook
      '(lambda () 
         (set (make-local-variable 'dabbrev-case-fold-search) t)
         (set (make-local-variable 'dabbrev-case-replace) t)))

;; C++ and C mode...
(defun my-c++-mode-hook ()
  (setq tab-width 4)
  (define-key c++-mode-map "\C-m" 'reindent-then-newline-and-indent)
  (define-key c++-mode-map "\C-ce" 'c-comment-edit)
  (setq c++-auto-hungry-initial-state 'none)
  (setq c++-delete-function 'backward-delete-char)
  (setq c++-tab-always-indent t)
  (setq c-indent-level 4)
  (setq c-continued-statement-offset 4)
  (setq c++-empty-arglist-indent 4))

(defun my-c-mode-hook ()
  (setq tab-width 4)
  (define-key c-mode-map "\C-m" 'reindent-then-newline-and-indent)
  (define-key c-mode-map "\C-ce" 'c-comment-edit)
  (setq c-auto-hungry-initial-state 'none)
  (setq c-delete-function 'backward-delete-char)
  (setq c-tab-always-indent t)
;; BSD-ish indentation style
  (setq c-indent-level 4)
  (setq c-continued-statement-offset 4)
  (setq c-brace-offset -4)
  (setq c-argdecl-indent 0)
  (setq c-label-offset -4))

;; Perl mode
(defun my-perl-mode-hook ()
  (setq tab-width 4)
  (define-key c++-mode-map "\C-m" 'reindent-then-newline-and-indent)
  (setq perl-indent-level 4)
  (setq perl-continued-statement-offset 4))

;; Scheme mode...
(defun my-scheme-mode-hook ()
  (define-key scheme-mode-map "\C-m" 'reindent-then-newline-and-indent))

;; Emacs-Lisp mode...
(defun my-lisp-mode-hook ()
  (define-key lisp-mode-map "\C-m" 'reindent-then-newline-and-indent)
  (define-key lisp-mode-map "\C-i" 'lisp-indent-line)
  (define-key lisp-mode-map "\C-j" 'eval-print-last-sexp))

;; Add all of the hooks...
(add-hook 'c++-mode-hook 'my-c++-mode-hook)
(add-hook 'c-mode-hook 'my-c-mode-hook)
(add-hook 'scheme-mode-hook 'my-scheme-mode-hook)
(add-hook 'emacs-lisp-mode-hook 'my-lisp-mode-hook)
(add-hook 'lisp-mode-hook 'my-lisp-mode-hook)
(add-hook 'perl-mode-hook 'my-perl-mode-hook)

;; Complement to next-error
(defun previous-error (n)
  "Visit previous compilation error message and corresponding source code."
  (interactive "p")
  (next-error (- n)))

;; Misc...
(transient-mark-mode 1)
(setq mark-even-if-inactive t)
(setq visible-bell nil)
(setq next-line-add-newlines nil)
(setq compile-command "make")
(setq suggest-key-bindings nil)
(put 'eval-expression 'disabled nil)
(put 'narrow-to-region 'disabled nil)
(put 'set-goal-column 'disabled nil)

;; Elisp archive searching
(autoload 'format-lisp-code-directory "lispdir" nil t)
(autoload 'lisp-dir-apropos "lispdir" nil t)
(autoload 'lisp-dir-retrieve "lispdir" nil t)
(autoload 'lisp-dir-verify "lispdir" nil t)

;; Font lock mode
(defun my-make-face (face colour &optional bold)
  "Create a face from a colour and optionally make it bold"
  (make-face face)
  (copy-face 'default face)
  (set-face-foreground face colour)
  (if bold (make-face-bold face))
  )

(if (eq window-system 'x)
    (progn
      (my-make-face 'blue "blue")
      (my-make-face 'red "red")
      (my-make-face 'green "dark green")
      (setq font-lock-comment-face 'blue)
      (setq font-lock-string-face 'bold)
      (setq font-lock-type-face 'bold)
      (setq font-lock-keyword-face 'bold)
      (setq font-lock-function-name-face 'red)
      (setq font-lock-doc-string-face 'green)
      (add-hook 'find-file-hooks 'font-lock-auto-mode-select)

      (setq baud-rate 1000000)
      (global-set-key "\C-cmm" 'menu-bar-mode)
      (global-set-key "\C-cms" 'scroll-bar-mode)
      (global-set-key [backspace] 'backward-delete-char)
                    ;      (global-set-key [delete] 'delete-char)
      (standard-display-european t)
      (load-library "iso-transl")))

;; X11 or PC using direct screen writes
(if window-system
    (progn
      ;;      (global-set-key [M-f1] 'hilit-repaint-command)
      ;;      (global-set-key [M-f2] [?\C-u M-f1])
      (setq hilit-mode-enable-list  
        '(not text-mode c-mode c++-mode emacs-lisp-mode lisp-mode
          scheme-mode)
        hilit-auto-highlight nil
        hilit-auto-rehighlight 'visible
        hilit-inhibit-hooks nil
        hilit-inhibit-rebinding t)
      (require 'hilit19)
      (require 'paren))
  (setq baud-rate 2400)         ; For slow serial connections
  )

;; TTY type terminal
(if (and (not window-system) 
     (not (equal system-type 'ms-dos)))
    (progn
      (if first-time
      (progn
        (keyboard-translate ?\C-h ?\C-?)
        (keyboard-translate ?\C-? ?\C-h)))))

;; Under UNIX
(if (not (equal system-type 'ms-dos))
    (progn
      (if first-time
      (server-start))))

;; Add any face changes here
(add-hook 'term-setup-hook 'my-term-setup-hook)
(defun my-term-setup-hook ()
  (if (eq window-system 'pc)
      (progn
;;  (set-face-background 'default "red")
    )))

;; Restore the "desktop" - do this as late as possible
(if first-time
    (progn
      (desktop-load-default)
      (desktop-read)))

;; Indicate that this file has been read at least once
(setq first-time nil)

;; No need to debug anything now

(setq debug-on-error nil)

;; All done
(message "All done, %s%s" (user-login-name) ".")

.emacs
.el
% find /usr/ports/lang/whizbang -name "*.el" -print

/usr/local/share/emacs/site-lisp
/usr/ports/lang/whizbang/work/misc/whizbang.el

# cp /usr/ports/lang/whizbang/work/misc/whizbang.el /usr/local/share/emacs/site-lisp

.wiz
.emacs
whizbang.el
.emacs
...
("\\.lsp$" . lisp-mode)
("\\.wiz$" . whizbang-mode)
("\\.scm$" . scheme-mode)
...

.wiz
;; Auto font lock mode
(defvar font-lock-auto-mode-list 
  (list 'c-mode 'c++-mode 'c++-c-mode 'emacs-lisp-mode 'whizbang-mode 'lisp-mode 'perl-mode 'scheme-mode)
  "List of modes to always start in font-lock-mode")

.wiz
.wiz
#include <stdio.h>

void manipulate(char *buffer) {
  char newbuffer[80];
  strcpy(newbuffer,buffer);
}

int main() {
  char ch,buffer[4096];
  int i=0;

  while ((buffer[i++] = getchar()) != '\n') {};

  i=1;
  manipulate(buffer);
  i=2;
  printf("The value of i is : %d\n",i);
  return 0;
}

sysctl
MAINTAINER
MAINTAINER= email-addresses

Makefile
src/contrib/tcl
mac
win
compat
src/lib/libtcl
Makefile
bsd.lib.mk
src/usr.bin/tclsh
tclsh
bsd.prog.mk
src/tools/tools/tcl_bmake
src/contrib/tcl
Makefile
bmake
src/tools
src/contrib/tcl
FREEBSD-upgrade
FREEBSD-upgrade
cvs add FREEBSD-upgrade ; cvs ci
src/contrib/cpio
This directory contains virgin sources of the original distribution files
on a "vendor" branch.  Do not, under any circumstances, attempt to upgrade
the files in this directory via patches and a cvs commit.  New versions or
official-patch versions must be imported.  Please remember to import with
"-ko" to prevent CVS from corrupting any vendor RCS Ids.

For the import of GNU cpio 2.4.2, the following files were removed:

    INSTALL     cpio.info   mkdir.c
    Makefile.in cpio.texi   mkinstalldirs

To upgrade to a newer version of cpio, when it is available:
    1. Unpack the new version into an empty directory.
       [Do not make ANY changes to the files.]

    2. Remove the files listed above and any others that don't apply to
       FreeBSD.

    3. Use the command:
        cvs import -ko -m 'Virgin import of GNU cpio v<version>' \
            src/contrib/cpio GNU cpio_<version>

       For example, to do the import of version 2.4.2, I typed:
        cvs import -ko -m 'Virgin import of GNU v2.4.2' \
            src/contrib/cpio GNU cpio_2_4_2

    4. Follow the instructions printed out in step 3 to resolve any
       conflicts between local FreeBSD changes and the newer version.

Do not, under any circumstances, deviate from this procedure.

To make local changes to cpio, simply patch and commit to the main
branch (aka HEAD).  Never make local changes on the GNU branch.

All local changes should be submitted to "[email protected]" for
inclusion in the next vendor release.

[email protected] - 30 March 1997

src/contrib
src/sys/contrib
arch/filename.o.uu>
conf/files.*
LINT
make world
ld.so
libfoo.so.3.3.3
ld.so
libc.so.2.2
libc.so.2.0
libc.so.2.0
Makefile
Makefile
Makefile
gdb
/etc/fstab
dumpon
rc.conf
/var/crash
gdb
gdb
gdb
gdb
# cp kernel kernel.debug
# strip -g kernel

make
make
install
# fsck -p
# mount -a -t ufs      # so your filesystem for /var/crash is writable
# savecore -N /kernel.panicked /var/crash
# exit          # ...to multi-user

/sys/compile/WHATEVER
gdb
-k
gdb
symbol-file kernel.debug
exec-file /var/crash/kernel.0
core-file /var/crash/vmcore.0

gdb
 1:Script started on Fri Dec 30 23:15:22 1994
 2:# cd /sys/compile/URIAH
 3:# gdb -k kernel /var/crash/vmcore.1
 4:Reading symbol data from /usr/src/sys/compile/URIAH/kernel
...done.
 5:IdlePTD 1f3000
 6:panic: because you said to!
 7:current pcb at 1e3f70
 8:Reading in symbols for ../../i386/i386/machdep.c...done.
 9:(kgdb) where
10:#0  boot (arghowto=256) (../../i386/i386/machdep.c line 767)
11:#1  0xf0115159 in panic ()
12:#2  0xf01955bd in diediedie () (../../i386/i386/machdep.c line 698)
13:#3  0xf010185e in db_fncall ()
14:#4  0xf0101586 in db_command (-266509132, -266509516, -267381073)
15:#5  0xf0101711 in db_command_loop ()
16:#6  0xf01040a0 in db_trap ()
17:#7  0xf0192976 in kdb_trap (12, 0, -272630436, -266743723)
18:#8  0xf019d2eb in trap_fatal (...)
19:#9  0xf019ce60 in trap_pfault (...)
20:#10 0xf019cb2f in trap (...)
21:#11 0xf01932a1 in exception:calltrap ()
22:#12 0xf0191503 in cnopen (...)
23:#13 0xf0132c34 in spec_open ()
24:#14 0xf012d014 in vn_open ()
25:#15 0xf012a183 in open ()
26:#16 0xf019d4eb in syscall (...)
27:(kgdb) up 10
28:Reading in symbols for ../../i386/i386/trap.c...done.
29:#10 0xf019cb2f in trap (frame={tf_es = -260440048, tf_ds = 16, tf_\
30:edi = 3072, tf_esi = -266445372, tf_ebp = -272630356, tf_isp = -27\
31:2630396, tf_ebx = -266427884, tf_edx = 12, tf_ecx = -266427884, tf\
32:_eax = 64772224, tf_trapno = 12, tf_err = -272695296, tf_eip = -26\
33:6672343, tf_cs = -266469368, tf_eflags = 66066, tf_esp = 3072, tf_\
34:ss = -266427884}) (../../i386/i386/trap.c line 283)
35:283                 (void) trap_pfault(&frame, FALSE);
36:(kgdb) frame frame->tf_ebp frame->tf_eip
37:Reading in symbols for ../../i386/isa/pcvt/pcvt_drv.c...done.
38:#0  0xf01ae729 in pcopen (dev=3072, flag=3, mode=8192, p=(struct p\
39:roc *) 0xf07c0c00) (../../i386/isa/pcvt/pcvt_drv.c line 403)
40:403         return ((*linesw[tp->t_line].l_open)(dev, tp));
41:(kgdb) list
42:398
43:399         tp->t_state |= TS_CARR_ON;
44:400         tp->t_cflag |= CLOCAL;  /* cannot be a modem (:-) */
45:401
46:402     #if PCVT_NETBSD || (PCVT_FREEBSD >= 200)
47:403         return ((*linesw[tp->t_line].l_open)(dev, tp));
48:404     #else
49:405         return ((*linesw[tp->t_line].l_open)(dev, tp, flag));
50:406     #endif /* PCVT_NETBSD || (PCVT_FREEBSD >= 200) */
51:407     }
52:(kgdb) print tp
53:Reading in symbols for ../../i386/i386/cons.c...done.
54:$1 = (struct tty *) 0x1bae
55:(kgdb) print tp->t_line
56:$2 = 1767990816
57:(kgdb) up
58:#1  0xf0191503 in cnopen (dev=0x00000000, flag=3, mode=8192, p=(st\
59:ruct proc *) 0xf07c0c00) (../../i386/i386/cons.c line 126)
60:   return ((*cdevsw[major(dev)].d_open)(dev, flag, mode, p));
61:(kgdb) up
62:#2  0xf0132c34 in spec_open ()
63:(kgdb) up
64:#3  0xf012d014 in vn_open ()
65:(kgdb) up
66:#4  0xf012a183 in open ()
67:(kgdb) up
68:#5  0xf019d4eb in syscall (frame={tf_es = 39, tf_ds = 39, tf_edi =\
69: 2158592, tf_esi = 0, tf_ebp = -272638436, tf_isp = -272629788, tf\
70:_ebx = 7086, tf_edx = 1, tf_ecx = 0, tf_eax = 5, tf_trapno = 582, \
71:tf_err = 582, tf_eip = 75749, tf_cs = 31, tf_eflags = 582, tf_esp \
72:= -272638456, tf_ss = 39}) (../../i386/i386/trap.c line 673)
73:673         error = (*callp->sy_call)(p, args, rval);
74:(kgdb) up
75:Initial frame selected; you cannot go up.
76:(kgdb) quit
77:# exit
78:exit
79:
80:Script done on Fri Dec 30 23:18:04 1994

ddd
devel/ddd
ddd
ddd
# ddd -k /var/crash/kernel.0 /var/crash/vmcore.0

ddd
config -g
/usr/src/sys/arch/conf
makeoptions    DEBUG=-g                #Build kernel with gdb(1) debug symbols

trap.o
gdb -k
gdb -k
gdb
options DDB

# sysctl debug.enter_debugger=ddb

gdb
b function-name
b address

c

trace

del
del address-expression

show b

s

n

next
gdb
gdb
finish
x/wx 0xf0133fe0,40
x/hd db_symtab_space
x/bc termbuf,10
x/s stringbuf

x ,10

x/ia foofunc,10

w/b termbuf 0xa 0xb 0
w/w 0xf0010030 0 0

show reg

p $eax

set $eax new-value

call func(arg1, arg2, ...)

ps

panic

gdb
continue
call boot(0)

call cpu_reset()

help

config
-g
strip -x
gdb
% gdb -k kernel
GDB is free software and you are welcome to distribute copies of it
 under certain conditions; type "show copying" to see the conditions.
There is absolutely no warranty for GDB; type "show warranty" for details.
GDB 4.16 (i386-unknown-freebsd),
Copyright 1996 Free Software Foundation, Inc...
(kgdb)

(kgdb) target remote /dev/cuaa0

Debugger("Boot flags requested debugger")
Stopped at Debugger+0x35: movb  $0, edata+0x51bc
db> gdb

Next trap will enter GDB remote protocol mode

gdb
s
Remote debugging using /dev/cuaa0
Debugger (msg=0xf01b0383 "Boot flags requested debugger")
    at ../../i386/i386/db_interface.c:257
(kgdb)

# cd /sys/modules/linux
# make clean; make COPTS=-g

kldstat
# kldstat
Id Refs Address    Size     Name
 1    4 0xc0100000 1c1678   kernel
 2    1 0xc0a9e000 6000     linprocfs.ko
 3    1 0xc0ad7000 2000     warp_saver.ko
 4    1 0xc0adc000 11000    linux.ko

# objdump --section-headers /sys/modules/linux/linux.ko | grep text
  3 .rel.text     000016e0  000038e0  000038e0  000038e0  2**2
 10 .text         00007f34  000062d0  000062d0  000062d0  2**2

add-symbol-file
(kgdb) add-symbol-file /sys/modules/linux/linux.ko 0xc0ae22d0
add symbol table from file "/sys/modules/linux/linux.ko" at text_addr = 0xc0ae22d0?
(y or n) y
Reading symbols from /sys/modules/linux/linux.ko...done.
(kgdb)

make depend
.h
#ifndef THIS_OPTION
#define THIS_OPTION (некоторое значение по умолчанию)
#endif /* THIS_OPTION */

#ifdef THAT_OPTION

[здесь ваш код]

#endif

options    notyet,notdef

.h
opt_foo.h
make
sys/conf/options
sys/<arch>/conf/options.<arch>
sys/i386/conf/options.i386
opt_foo.h
opt_scsi.h
opt_foo.h
opt_foo.h
options[.<arch>]
opt_foo.h
% find /usr/src/sys -type f | xargs fgrep NEW_OPTION

#include "opt_foo.h"

 #ifndef NEW_OPTION #define NEW_OPTION (что-то)
      #endif

/usr/include/sys/
opt_foo.h
cc
a.out
foobar
MAKEFILE
README
EDITOR

Каталог	Описание
`bin/`	Исходный код файлов из `/bin`
`contrib/`	Исходный код файлов программного обеспечения сторонних разработчиков.
`crypto/`	Исходный код DES
`etc/`	Исходный код файлов из каталога `/etc`
`games/`	Исходный код файлов из `/usr/games`
`gnu/`	Утилиты, подпадающие под действие GNU Public License
`include/`	Исходный код файлов из `/usr/include`
`kerberosIV/`	Исходный код Kerbereros version IV
`kerberos5/`	Исходный код Kerbereros version 5
`lib/`	Исходный код файлов из `/usr/lib`
`libexec/`	Исходный код файлов из `/usr/libexec`
`release/`	Файлы, которые требуются для создания релиза FreeBSD
`sbin/`	Исходный код файлов из `/sbin`
`secure/`	Исходный код FreeSec
`share/`	Исходный код файлов из `/usr/share`
`sys/`	Исходный код ядра
`tools/`	Утилиты, используемые для поддержки и тестирования FreeBSD
`usr.bin/`	Исходный код файлов из `/usr/bin`
`usr.sbin/`	Исходный код файлов из `/usr/sbin`

`strcpy`(char dest, const char src)	Может переполнить целевой буфер
`strcat`(char dest, const char src)	Может переполнить целевой буфер
`getwd`(char *buf)	Может переполнить буфер buf
`gets`(char *s)	Может переполнить буфер s
`[vf]scanf`(const char *format, ...)	Может переполнить свои аргументы.
`realpath`(char *path, char resolved_path[])	Может переполнить буфер path
`[v]sprintf`(char str, const char format, ...)	Может переполнить буфер str.

[1]	Если вы запускаете ее из оболочки, то можете получить аварийный дамп памяти.
[2]	Строго говоря, `cc` на этом шаге преобразует исходный код в собственный машинно-независимый p-код, а не в язык ассемблера.
[3]	Если вы не знаете, то двоичная сортировка эффективна, а пузырьковая неэффективна.
[4]	Причины этого следует искать в исторических летописях.
[5]	Заметьте, что мы не использовали флаг `-o` для указания имени выполнимого файла, поэтому получим выполнимый файл с именем `a.out`. Получение отладочной версии с именем `foobar` оставляется читателю в качестве упражнения!
[6]	Они не используют вариант `MAKEFILE`, так как заглавные буквы зачастую используются для файлов с документацией, как `README`.
[7]	В коллекции портов имеется несколько мощных свободно распространяемых IDE, таких, как, например, KDevelop.
[8]	Многие пользователи Emacs указывают `emacsclient` в качестве значения своей переменной окружения `EDITOR`, поэтому это происходит всякий раз, когда им нужно отредактировать файл.

The FreeBSD Documentation Project

I. Основы

Chapter 1 Введение

Chapter 2 Инструменты программирования

Chapter 3 Безопасное программирование

Chapter 4 * Localization - I18N

Chapter 5 Рекомендации и требования к исходному коду

II. Взаимодействие между процессами

Chapter 6 * Signals

Chapter 7 * Sockets

Chapter 8 * IPv6 Internals

III. Ядро

Chapter 9 * DMA

Chapter 10 Отладка ядра

Chapter 11 Добавление новых параметров конфигурации ядра

Chapter 12 * UFS

Chapter 13 * AFS

Chapter 14 * Syscons

Chapter 15 * Уровни совместимости

IV. Аппаратные платформы

Chapter 16 * x86 Assembly Language Programming

Chapter 17 * Alpha

V. Приложения

Notes